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Unification of Italy 1830-1870 edexel AS > Unity in 1870 > Flashcards

Unity in 1870 Flashcards

1
Q

what was the new state

A

a constitutional monarchy as defined by the statuto

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2
Q

although Victor emmanuel was the executive power what constraints were there on him

A

he needed parliamentary approval for new taxes and new laws

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3
Q

what did the Monarch symbolise by 1870

A

stability of a new state against extremism and republicans

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4
Q

what was Victor Emmanuel to many Italians

A

piedmontese- foreign

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5
Q

what was the military seen as

A

the means by which recruits could be made into italians

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6
Q

what was possibly the most significant role the army played

A

defending against internal ememies

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7
Q

how many officers were in the army by 1870

A

15,000

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8
Q

what percentage of the officers in the army was piedmontese

A

2/3

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9
Q

how many soldiers did the army have, with how many on reserve

A

215,000

2 million

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10
Q

what did the army guarantee for the new state

A

national unity, willing to use force to ensure the continuation of stability

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11
Q

what role did the civil service play

A

ran the economy, education and the states finances

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12
Q

where were nearly all civil servants from

A

piedmont

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13
Q

who were many of the civil service jobs given to in the new state

A

veterans of the wars of independence

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14
Q

how many bureaucrats made up the centralised civil service

A

30,000

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15
Q

how many of the bureaucrats that made up the civil service were based in rome

A

3,100

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16
Q

what was a benefit of the civil service

A

relatively free of corruption

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17
Q

what was a problem with the civil service

A

heavily centralised and the civil servants in Rome held disproportionate influence

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18
Q

how many provinces was the country divided into

A

69

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19
Q

what did each province have

A

a prefect that was centrally appointed by the government

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20
Q

what was the job of prefects

A

keep order in the provinces

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21
Q

what was the carabinieri

A

25,000 strong military police force that supported the prefects

22
Q

what was the commune

A

the mayor was appointed to run this, looked after education, public health, taxation and public works

23
Q

in reality who control local governments

A

local elites and the prefects - they were the key to a smooth operation of the whole political system

24
Q

what was the economy in the south hampered by

A

a lack of capital and skilled labour

25
Q

what was the main industry in the south by 1871

A

agriculture, fruit and olives and silk was produced in cottages

26
Q

why was power a problem in the south, unlike the north

A

there was a lack of water, north had rivers from the alps

27
Q

what did unification lead to the removal of

A

tariffs which had previously protected the southern industry

28
Q

what did the removal of tariffs mean for industry in the south

A

collapsed, like the silk industry since the couldn’t compete with their northern competition

29
Q

what did unification aso lead to

A

higher taxation - pay for wars

30
Q

who did the government target with new taxes

A

the poor eg. grist tax

31
Q

what did the government use the money for

A

public works, land reclamation and the military but mainly in the north

32
Q

what did poverty lead to (%)

A

high infant mortality , 22.7% died before 1st birthday

33
Q

what % died before their 5th birthday in 1871

A

50%

34
Q

what did poverty, unemployment, higher taxes an lack of land lead to

A

seasonal migration to the richer northern areas or france or switzerland

35
Q

in 1871 how many Italians emigrated (USA, Argentina etc)

A

120,000

36
Q

what did the Law of guarantees give the pope

A

his own postal service, full religious powers, 3,225,000 lire

37
Q

what did Pius react like to the Law of Guarantees

A

he ignored it as it came from a government he did not recognise

38
Q

what did the church do attempt to weaken the government

A

had another court in the vatican, formed its own social organisations

39
Q

what did catholics do

A

refused to take part in the political process

40
Q

what was the size of the electorate in 1871

A

still 2.2%

41
Q

what percent of those who were eligible to vote actually did

A

60% - because catholics and republicans boycotted on principle

42
Q

who made up the right of parliament

A

aristocrats from the north, they supported the monarchy and the process of improving italy

43
Q

who made up the left of parliament

A

middle class backgrounds mainly from the south, generally anti-clerical and keen on expanding the electorate

44
Q

what did the constitutional monarchy leading italy still mean happened

A

republican uprisings, but they were hopeless

45
Q

who was Barsanti and what did he do in 1870

A

mazzinian,led an uprising on the army barracks in Pavia.. he was arrested and shot (anti monarchy)

46
Q

what was Irredentism (irredenta)

A

a nationalist movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries

47
Q

what were irredentist goals

A

promoted the unification of geographic areas in which indigenous ethnic italians and italian speaking persons formed a majority, or substantial minority of the population

48
Q

what did irredentists in the north want

A

free italians living under Habsburg rule such as Trentino, Istria and Trieste

49
Q

what did other irredentists want

A

free rome, and use the rebirth of italy to create an imperial power in the mediterranean

50
Q

what did irredentists on the left want

A

1870 Crispi called for the return of nice and savoy to italian control, others believed Malta and Corsica should be italian

51
Q

what an irredentists be seen as

A

a thorn in the side of the new state

Unification of Italy 1830-1870 edexel AS (17 decks)

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