Garibaldi's Takeover of the south in 1860 Flashcards
what was different about him
he got the support of the masses
when did he join young italy
1833 after he met mazzini
what was symbollic of the red shirts
cheap fabric, didnt show blood
what did garibaldi do will in exile
he took up farming but he kept in touch with developments through the National society
what did cavour do after Plombieres
invited garibaldi to talk about plans for war
what did garibaldi offer
to train and recruit volunteers for the austrian war
what was his role in the 1859 wars
small battles, alpine hunters- won battle at Como this showed he was capable of beating the highly trained austrian troops
how was he ‘betrayed” by italy/ cavour
his birth place Nice was given to france
what did mazzini urge garibaldi to do after they learned of an uprising in sicily
take his men to the island to help the young italy volunteers there
how many men did garibaldi gather to set sail to sicily
1200
what was cavours attitude towards the expedition (3 reasons)
- if he opposed garibaldi would make his government unpopular at home 2.he thought it would fail due to the number of men and the poor weapons 3.unsure as to whether he wanted it to succeed– take on the poor south
why did cavour refuse to give garibaldi arms and equipment
didnt want the poor south under his control
Why was garibaldi lucky when he arrived in sicily
happened to arrive with some bourbon naval ships so he wasnt attacked
how many supporters did he have with him once he reached Palermo
3000
what did he find waiting in palermo
20,000 enemy troops
who won in palermo
Garibaldi, enemy retreated to naples
who was Garibaldi helped by
Bandits, peasants and the local mafia
what did Garibaldi appoint himself as in Sicily
the dictator, he supported the peasants
what did he do as leader in sicily
abolished the milling tax and promised land redistribution, however he soon changed sites and supressed revolts, losing support of peasants but gaining support of landlords
why did garibaldi betray the mazzinian princliples
because he wanted maximum stability to launch an attack on the mainland
why did Cavour get worried by garibaldi’s popularity
because hethough he would take naples and then move northwards so he attempted to arrange revolutions
what did Cavour do to attempt to stop Garibaldi
sent ships to arrest him but garibaldi was too quick – tried to organise actions against garibaldi with the bourbons but they were not interested
what did Garibaldi want to do that was worrying to cavour
take rome, cavour thought it would lead to difficulties wih france– not allowed to threaten the pope
how large was Garibaldini by this point (wanting to take rome)
60,000 they were mazzinian and republican– threaten Victor Emanuel II power and the catholic church
how did VE II and Cavour react to the threat of garibaldi taking rome
sent troops through the papal states, defeating a papal army on the way even if this upset the french
By october 1860 the piedmontese army reached naples what happened when they met Garibaldi and where did they meet
he handed the south over to ‘the first king of italy’ Teano
what happened when ballots were presented to the papal marches, umbria, sicily and naples
there was an overwhelming wish of piedmont annexation
what did Garibaldi decide to do with naples
plebiscite (false) decided naples was to be annexed to piedmont( not a union like some wanted )
why did garibaldi initially begin to organise ‘the thousand’
as a reaction to the surrender of his birthplace Nice– force to protect its annexation
what was the relationship between cavour and garibaldi like?
didnt get on, Garibaldi didnt like cavour’s self importance, and cavour didnt like garibaldi’s populist attitude
what was cavour’s predicament in terms of garibaldi going to the south
if he was seen to help garibaldi he would run the risk of alienating france and moderates in piedmont, yet if he refused to help he would look like he was preventing the italian interest
what was Garibaldi and victor emmanuel II relationship like
garibaldi represented direct action, he was prepared to act in the name of the king for the benefit of italy– victor emmanuel still feared the popularity of him
what helped garibaldi defeat bourbon troops in palermo?
weakness of the bourbon government, Ferdinand II had recently died, unpopular after a financial crisis
what did garibaldi do when he launched invasion in the south 1860
did it in the name of victor emmanuel and italy
how did garibaldi take Naples
the king fled and he was met with enthusiastic crowds, capital had fallen without a shot being fired.
what did garibaldi that led to him losing all power to victor emmanuel in the south
allowed plebicites asking if the people wanted annexation with piedmont– most just voted yes to end feudal rule , public vote (peer pressure, dont want to look like monarchists)
what did Lord Russell controversially do in 1860 that effectively destroyed the treaty of villa franca
said that Britain completely supported a unified Italy
what was the constitution based on in 1861
applied to all of italy, based on statuto (taxes, weights and idea of free trade imposed on all of italy)
