The Revolutions themselves 1848-49 Flashcards
what was the reasons behind sicilian uprising in 1848
reaction against the repressive regime of king Ferdinand (wanted the constitution of 1812 to be re-established)
what did the Sicilian revolutionaries do when denied a constitution?
set up a provincial government, it has a national guard to ensure that the lower orders and the more militant did not get out of control– announced that Ferdinand was no longer king of sicily
what did Ferdinand do in reaction to the Sicilian independence
launched a military assault on the island, earned him the nickname ‘King Bomba’ – took them till may 1894 to crush the insurrection
how did Ferdinand react in the face of a massive demonstration
appointed a more liberal ministry and withdrew his troops from palermo
when did Ferdinand grant a conservative constitution
February 1848 (same in Tuscany and the papal states)– couldn’t get support from austria as they weren’t allowed through the papal states.
what happens in Vienna (austria) in march 1848
Metternich resigns due to revolutions
Why was there a tobacco boycott in Lombardy
Austrian had monopoly over the tobacco
what were the five glorious days in Milan
10,000 people presented a petition for liberal reforms, baricades with troops put up but the Austrian comander Radetsky withdraws his troops
what did lomabardy ask of piedmont
to form an alliance
When is the venetian rebublic declared and who is it under
March 1848, Daniel Manin– ask Charles Albert for an Alliance
when does Charles albert declare war with austria
March 1848– helped by troops from all over italy
what does the pope do to counter rev, and why
says the war with austria does not have his blessing, calls C.A an agressor and says the papacy doesnt want to lead a unified italy.
What does the allocution mean for C.A
many of his catholic soldiers do not want to go against the pope- end to neo-guelphism aswell
what undermined C.A in terms of the south
Ferdinand had re-established autocratic government in naples and general pepe was ordered home– many troops left
how many neopolitans where sent to help in the war against austria
17,000
how many french troops have amassed piedmonts west border by May 48
30,000
why are there divisions within piedmont troops
dont trust each other because of regional loyalty and different political aims
what does C.A do which weakens him
refuses to accept any recruits to his army that wont swear allegiance to Piedmont
what does Radetsky manage to persuade the Austrian government to do
let him fight C.A
where are C.A and his allies crushed in july ‘48
Custozza
when are the piedmontese expelled from lombardy
in august- Armistice of Salasco is signed
who is Giustino fortunato and what did he do
anit-constitutionalist who was put in charge of the government in naples, Ferdinand loses interest in reform– repressive again
why did ferdinand gain the nickname king bomba
he sent 20000 to seize sicily and held a 3 day bombardment
which anti liberal does Pius IX appoint as PM in september 1848 and why
Count Rossi, so that he will clamp down on liberals and radicals
what happens to Count Rossi in november
he is murdered by a mob, pope flees to naples fearing his life
in december what happens in rome
revolutionary government is establishes under Giuseppe Galletti, introduces tax reforms, public works and set up a constituente ROMAN REPUBLIC– abolished macinato (tax on grinding of corn)
who makes up the Constituente
middle class radicals- announce the end of the popes power and the roman republic is set up
where is piedmont once again crushed by the Austrians in another attempt
March 1849, Novara
In march 1849, who arives to the roman republic and what do they do
Maizzini joins Armellini and Saffi- they reform roman laws, clear slums, end church control of the press, remove death penalty and promise a constitution
when does Charles Albert abdicate and who replaces him
March 1849, his son Victor Emanuel II
what happens in Tuscany after NOvara
moderates regain power from the radicals, Leopold II returns
what does Pius do in April 1849
calls for foreign support to help restore papal power in rome
Why does Louis napoleon help destroy the roman republic and how
wants to win the support of catholics, sends troops to rome
who blocks the french from rome for 2 months
heroic band of volunteers led by garibaldi
how many french troops are there in Rome and what happens
20,000, garibaldi escapes with 400 and marches to San marino to carry on fighting, Mazzini exiled to london
When is peace signed between Austria and Piedmont
August 1849, piedmont pay 65 million french francs in reparations
The last symbol of revolution, Rebublic of Venice is forced to surrender due to…
hunger and outbreak of cholera- siege
what was the triumvirate
in 1849 tuscany, montanelli (Who wanted a peoples war against austria), guerazzi and mazzoni took control of the government and declared tuscan republic
when did the bourbons regain control of sicily
may 1849- constitution removed
