The Revolutions themselves 1848-49

Question 1

what was the reasons behind sicilian uprising in 1848

Answer 1

reaction against the repressive regime of king Ferdinand (wanted the constitution of 1812 to be re-established)

Question 2

what did the Sicilian revolutionaries do when denied a constitution?

Answer 2

set up a provincial government, it has a national guard to ensure that the lower orders and the more militant did not get out of control– announced that Ferdinand was no longer king of sicily

Question 3

what did Ferdinand do in reaction to the Sicilian independence

Answer 3

launched a military assault on the island, earned him the nickname ‘King Bomba’ – took them till may 1894 to crush the insurrection

Question 4

how did Ferdinand react in the face of a massive demonstration

Answer 4

appointed a more liberal ministry and withdrew his troops from palermo

Question 5

when did Ferdinand grant a conservative constitution

Answer 5

February 1848 (same in Tuscany and the papal states)– couldn’t get support from austria as they weren’t allowed through the papal states.

Question 6

what happens in Vienna (austria) in march 1848

Answer 6

Metternich resigns due to revolutions

Question 7

Why was there a tobacco boycott in Lombardy

Answer 7

Austrian had monopoly over the tobacco

Question 8

what were the five glorious days in Milan

Answer 8

10,000 people presented a petition for liberal reforms, baricades with troops put up but the Austrian comander Radetsky withdraws his troops

Question 9

what did lomabardy ask of piedmont

Answer 9

to form an alliance

Question 10

When is the venetian rebublic declared and who is it under

Answer 10

March 1848, Daniel Manin– ask Charles Albert for an Alliance

Question 11

when does Charles albert declare war with austria

Answer 11

March 1848– helped by troops from all over italy

Question 12

what does the pope do to counter rev, and why

Answer 12

says the war with austria does not have his blessing, calls C.A an agressor and says the papacy doesnt want to lead a unified italy.

Question 13

What does the allocution mean for C.A

Answer 13

many of his catholic soldiers do not want to go against the pope- end to neo-guelphism aswell

Question 14

what undermined C.A in terms of the south

Answer 14

Ferdinand had re-established autocratic government in naples and general pepe was ordered home– many troops left

Question 15

how many neopolitans where sent to help in the war against austria

Answer 15

17,000

Question 16

how many french troops have amassed piedmonts west border by May 48

Answer 16

30,000

Question 17

why are there divisions within piedmont troops

Answer 17

dont trust each other because of regional loyalty and different political aims

Question 18

what does C.A do which weakens him

Answer 18

refuses to accept any recruits to his army that wont swear allegiance to Piedmont

Question 19

what does Radetsky manage to persuade the Austrian government to do

Answer 19

let him fight C.A

Question 20

where are C.A and his allies crushed in july ‘48

Answer 20

Custozza

Question 21

when are the piedmontese expelled from lombardy

Answer 21

in august- Armistice of Salasco is signed

Question 22

who is Giustino fortunato and what did he do

Answer 22

anit-constitutionalist who was put in charge of the government in naples, Ferdinand loses interest in reform– repressive again

Question 23

why did ferdinand gain the nickname king bomba

Answer 23

he sent 20000 to seize sicily and held a 3 day bombardment

Question 24

which anti liberal does Pius IX appoint as PM in september 1848 and why

Answer 24

Count Rossi, so that he will clamp down on liberals and radicals

Question 25

what happens to Count Rossi in november

Answer 25

he is murdered by a mob, pope flees to naples fearing his life

Question 26

in december what happens in rome

Answer 26

revolutionary government is establishes under Giuseppe Galletti, introduces tax reforms, public works and set up a constituente ROMAN REPUBLIC– abolished macinato (tax on grinding of corn)

Question 27

who makes up the Constituente

Answer 27

middle class radicals- announce the end of the popes power and the roman republic is set up

Question 28

where is piedmont once again crushed by the Austrians in another attempt

Answer 28

March 1849, Novara

Question 29

In march 1849, who arives to the roman republic and what do they do

Answer 29

Maizzini joins Armellini and Saffi- they reform roman laws, clear slums, end church control of the press, remove death penalty and promise a constitution

Question 30

when does Charles Albert abdicate and who replaces him

Answer 30

March 1849, his son Victor Emanuel II

Question 31

what happens in Tuscany after NOvara

Answer 31

moderates regain power from the radicals, Leopold II returns

Question 32

what does Pius do in April 1849

Answer 32

calls for foreign support to help restore papal power in rome

Question 33

Why does Louis napoleon help destroy the roman republic and how

Answer 33

wants to win the support of catholics, sends troops to rome

Question 34

who blocks the french from rome for 2 months

Answer 34

heroic band of volunteers led by garibaldi

Question 35

how many french troops are there in Rome and what happens

Answer 35

20,000, garibaldi escapes with 400 and marches to San marino to carry on fighting, Mazzini exiled to london

Question 36

When is peace signed between Austria and Piedmont

Answer 36

August 1849, piedmont pay 65 million french francs in reparations

Question 37

The last symbol of revolution, Rebublic of Venice is forced to surrender due to…

Answer 37

hunger and outbreak of cholera- siege

Question 38

what was the triumvirate

Answer 38

in 1849 tuscany, montanelli (Who wanted a peoples war against austria), guerazzi and mazzoni took control of the government and declared tuscan republic

Question 39

when did the bourbons regain control of sicily

Answer 39

may 1849- constitution removed