Unity And Diversity Of Life Flashcards
What are the three domains of life?
Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
Are viruses part of the domain tree?
No!!
- they are not considered alive b/c can’t reproduce on their own ➡️ require a host
Prokaryotes characteristics
- no membrane bound organelles
- DNA in nucleoid
- bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotes
- membrane bound organelles
- DNA in nucleus
- eukaryotes
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes do __________ respiration
Cellular
Characteristics of microorganisms
- to small to be seen by naked eye
- can be single/ multicellular
- found in every domain
- come in variety of types
- help the biosphere
- be used as tools
-exist in communities - associated w/ health and disease
Bacteria and archaea are approximately what size
0.5-3 um
Eukaryotes are approximately how small
5-100 um
Prokaryotes (bacteria & Archaea) can have how many cells
Single called
Eukaryotes can have how many cells
Single called or multicellular
Types of microorganisms
Eukaryotes: fungi, Protozoa, alga
- bacteria
- viruses
Roles of microbes in the biosphere
- make molecules in a usable form for other organisms
➡️ fix nitrogen in air to be usable - photosynthetic microbes
- decomposes (Fungi)
How can microbes be used as useful “tools”
- insect control
- in food/ beverages
- biotechnology
- sewage treatment
- bioremediation
Infectious disease is
A disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host
Cell theory
- Cells come from preexisting cells
- Cells are the most basic unit of life
- ALL things are made up of cells
What are some cellular function?
- proteins often enzymes catalyze reactions (make a reaction more favorable/ easier to do)
- DNA ➡️ RNA ➡️proteins
- metabolism
Anabolic Respiration
Building polymer - puts energy in (Endogonic)
Catabolic respiration
Breaking down polymer - energy being released (Exogonic)
What are important building block elements?
- carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
What are the 4
macromolecules and their subunits?
Carbohydrates - glucose
Lipids - fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
Nuclei acids - nucleotides
Where can the genetic information (DNA) be found in Bacteria and Archaea?
- round circular chromosome w/ plasmids in nucleoid
What are plasmids?
Small circular pieces of DNA w/ few genes with in cytoplasm
Where can genetic info for eukaryotes be found?
In multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
Theory of endosymbiosis
The idea that fusion of an archaea and bacteria led to first eukaryote
Why discovered the endosymbiosis theory?
Dr. Lynn Maragulis
What evidence supports Endosymbiosis Theory?
- organelles have their own genome that looks like bacteria genome
➡️ circular & sequence similar to bacteria genome - organelles divide/ replicate via process that looks like binary fission ➡️ chloroplast & mitochondria
- organelles (Mitochondria / Chloroplast) have their own ribosomes that look like bacteria ribosomes
Do bacteria have a cell wall?
Yes
- peptidoglygan
Do Archea have cell walls?
Some
Do Eukaryotes have a cell wall?
Yes (chitin )
How do bacteria and archaea reproduce?
Asexual
Eukaryotes reproduce via
Asexual and sexual
Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotes) exchange info via
Horizontal gene transfer
Asexual vs. Sexual reproduction
Asexual - reproduce by themselves
Sexual - requires another partner
