Hiv/aids Flashcards
What does HIV stand for?
Human immunodeficiency virus
What are the key structural features outside of a hiv?
Phospholipid envelope
Glycoprotein spikes
What are key features inside a hiv?
SsRNA geneome
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
Function of reverse transcriptase
Reverses transcription
Converts rna ➡️ dna
Function of integrase
Helps process viral proteins
What is the name of the virus that has the reverse transcriptase enzyme?
Retrovirus
Once a virus integrated into a host chromosome, what is this virus called?
Provirus
Are proviruses always active?
No- they are latent
- can stay in chromosome for decades
What cell does hiv infect?
CD4 t-helper cells
What receptor does hiv bind to on the cD4 t immune cell?
CCR5 receptor
How does hiv invade the hosts immune system?
Being latent -
How is hiv transmitted from one host to another?
Body fluids like blood, semen, breast milk
Can hiv be transmitted by holding hands, sweating, silica?
No
Steps to hiv infection progression (5)
Primary infection
Acute symptoms
Clinical latency
Constitutional symptoms
Opportunistic diseases
Primary infection
When CD4 cells become infected and the virus starts reproducing in the host
Acute symptoms include
Asymptomatic symptoms
Swallow lymph nodes
Clinical latency
Most CD4 cells are infected so virus is not producing as much
Constitutional latency
Immune system can not respond to the virus well and other pathogens in environment therefore develop aids
What does aids stand for
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Why is it bad that HIV undergoes multiple mutations during reverse transcriptase
It is hard to make antiviral drug if it can not recognize the multiple antigens of hiv
At what stage does maraviroc drug inhibit HIV development?
Blocks CCR5 receptor so antigen cannot bind to the receptor and enter CD4 cell
What stage does the integrase inhibitor drug inhibit hiv development?
Blocking the insertion of HIV genome into CD4 cell
Current treatment for hiv
Highly active antiretroviral therapy ((HAART)
Fusion inhibitors
Blocks ccr5 from hiv binding
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Inhibits reverse transcriptase via competitive inhibition
Integrase inhibitors
Blocks viral dna from integrating into host genome
Intergrase inhibitors
Block viral dna from integrating into host genome
32bp mutation
Removes binding site keeping ccr5 in cytoplasm
