UNIT4 AOS1

Question 1

Gross National Income

Answer 1

The total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country. Used to classify into high, middle and low income country groups

Question 2

Poverty

Answer 2

refers to deprovation leading to inability to access resources (lack of money, food, shelter, clean water and healthcare)

Question 3

Extreme poverty, Absolute poverty, Relative poverty

Answer 3

1. Extreme poverty - living on $1.90USD or less a day defined by World Bank
2. Absolute poverty - those living on less than a certain amount per day (often uS$1.90 a day).
3. Relative poverty- those living on less than 50% of their country’s average income.

Question 4

Access to safe water

Answer 4

Water that is free from contaminants such as germs.

Question 5

Sanitation

Answer 5

Refers to safe disposal of human urine and faeces, as well as maintenance of hygienic conditions through garbage collection and disposal of waste water

Question 6

Inequality and Discrimination

Answer 6

Unjust treatment of people due to personal traits like race, religion and gender identity.

Question 7

Double Burden of disease

Answer 7

Coexistence of communicable diseases associated
with poverty and non-communicable diseases associated with wealth.

Question 8

Sustainability

Answer 8

Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future to meet their own needs.

Question 9

Economic sustainability

Answer 9

ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future.

Question 10

social sustainability

Answer 10

creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all the citizens and can be maintained indefinitely. It is where human rights are met and all citizens are able to access resources equally such as food, shelter, education, employment , healthcare, safe water and recreation.

Question 11

environmental sustainability

Answer 11

ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources to replenish for future generations

Question 12

Concept of Human Development

Answer 12

• Develop ot their ful potential
• Lead productive and creative lives ni accordance ot their needs and interests
• Expand their choices and enhance their capabilities
• Access knowledge, health, and a decent standard of living
• Participate ni their community and decisions affecting their lives

Question 13

Human development index (HDI)

Answer 13

Tool developed by the UN to measure and rank the social and economic development of a country. It is presented as a single statistic from 0 to 1 that takes into account three dimensions ( a long and healthy life, knowledge, a decent standard of living) and four indicators of human development.