Unit VI "Reproduction" Flashcards
differentiation
single-celled zygote -> a multicellular embryo -> complex multi-system of various cell types of a fetus
what are the functions of testosterone?
key role in development of male reproductive tissues
promotes secondary sex characteristics
asexual reproduction
creation of offspring that are genetically identical to the lone parent
fission
separation of a parent into two or more offspring of about equal size
sexual reproduction
creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells to form a diploid zygote
gametes
haploid sex cells (egg, sperm)
ovary
site of gamete production
what are the functions of follicles?
nourish and protect the egg cell
produce estrogen
what happens during the process of ovulation?
immature egg cell is ejected from the follicle
what eventually forms into the corpus luteum?
remains of the follicle grow to form a solid mass
what is the function of the corpus luteum?
secretes hormones during the reproductive cycle
when sperm is present, where does fertilization take place?
upper part of the oviduct
once the released egg enters the oviduct, where does it go?
cilia sweep it towards the uterus
what happens when the released egg does not get fertilized?
it is shed during menstruation
endometrium
blood-rich layer of tissue in the uterus
ovarian cycle
controls the growth and release of an egg
menstrual cycle
uterus is prepared for possible implantation of an embryo
menstruation
uterine bleeding caused by the breakdown of the endometrium
what does FHS do?
stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle
what happens as an ovarian follicle matures?
secretes estrogen in increasing amounts
when in the cycle do estrogen levels peak and what does this cause?
day 12 - sudden surge of FSH and LH
what does a sudden surge of FSH and LH cause and when in the cycle does this take place?
stimulates ovulation, usually takes place on day 14 of a 28 day cycle
what does LH do?
promotes secretion of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum
what do rising levels of estrogen and progesterone promote?
thickening of the uterus lining
what does the degeneration of the corpus luteum?
dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone
what happens once estrogen and progesterone fall below a critical level?
uterus lining begins to shed and starts menstruation
contraception
deliberate prevention of pregnancy
cleavage
series of rapid cell divisions that produces a multicellular ball
what stimulates a new reproductive cycle?
hypothalamus and pituitary
what first happens in a new cycle?
pituitary gland secretes LH and FSH
what does LH trigger?
ovulation
