Unit VI "Reproduction"

Question 1

differentiation

Answer 1

single-celled zygote -> a multicellular embryo -> complex multi-system of various cell types of a fetus

Question 2

what are the functions of testosterone?

Answer 2

key role in development of male reproductive tissues

promotes secondary sex characteristics

Question 3

asexual reproduction

Answer 3

creation of offspring that are genetically identical to the lone parent

Question 4

fission

Answer 4

separation of a parent into two or more offspring of about equal size

Question 5

sexual reproduction

Answer 5

creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells to form a diploid zygote

Question 6

gametes

Answer 6

haploid sex cells (egg, sperm)

Question 7

ovary

Answer 7

site of gamete production

Question 8

what are the functions of follicles?

Answer 8

nourish and protect the egg cell

produce estrogen

Question 9

what happens during the process of ovulation?

Answer 9

immature egg cell is ejected from the follicle

Question 10

what eventually forms into the corpus luteum?

Answer 10

remains of the follicle grow to form a solid mass

Question 11

what is the function of the corpus luteum?

Answer 11

secretes hormones during the reproductive cycle

Question 12

when sperm is present, where does fertilization take place?

Answer 12

upper part of the oviduct

Question 13

once the released egg enters the oviduct, where does it go?

Answer 13

cilia sweep it towards the uterus

Question 14

what happens when the released egg does not get fertilized?

Answer 14

it is shed during menstruation

Question 15

endometrium

Answer 15

blood-rich layer of tissue in the uterus

Question 16

ovarian cycle

Answer 16

controls the growth and release of an egg

Question 17

menstrual cycle

Answer 17

uterus is prepared for possible implantation of an embryo

Question 18

menstruation

Answer 18

uterine bleeding caused by the breakdown of the endometrium

Question 19

what does FHS do?

Answer 19

stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle

Question 20

what happens as an ovarian follicle matures?

Answer 20

secretes estrogen in increasing amounts

Question 21

when in the cycle do estrogen levels peak and what does this cause?

Answer 21

day 12 - sudden surge of FSH and LH

Question 22

what does a sudden surge of FSH and LH cause and when in the cycle does this take place?

Answer 22

stimulates ovulation, usually takes place on day 14 of a 28 day cycle

Question 23

what does LH do?

Answer 23

promotes secretion of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum

Question 24

what do rising levels of estrogen and progesterone promote?

Answer 24

thickening of the uterus lining

Question 25

what does the degeneration of the corpus luteum?

Answer 25

dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone

Question 26

what happens once estrogen and progesterone fall below a critical level?

Answer 26

uterus lining begins to shed and starts menstruation

Question 27

contraception

Answer 27

deliberate prevention of pregnancy

Question 28

cleavage

Answer 28

series of rapid cell divisions that produces a multicellular ball

Question 29

what stimulates a new reproductive cycle?

Answer 29

hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 30

what first happens in a new cycle?

Answer 30

pituitary gland secretes LH and FSH

Question 31

what does LH trigger?

Answer 31

ovulation