Genetics Terms

Question 1

recessive gene

Answer 1

a gene that will give a phenotype only when in homozygous condition (both lower-case letters)

Question 2

give examples of traits/characteristics

Answer 2

skin, eye color, blood type, immunity proteins in blood, etc.

Question 3

what is the phenotype of a cow?

Answer 3

black and white spots

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

genes that give a phenotype

Question 5

homozygous

Answer 5

two like genes for a given trait

Question 6

cross

Answer 6

act of mixing different species or varieties of animals to produce hybrids

Question 7

phenotype

Answer 7

what a thing looks like

Question 9

how many traits and genes in a “monohybrid”?

Answer 9

one trait, two genes (n^1)

Question 10

dominant gene

Answer 10

the gene that shows up in the heterozygous condition (usually represented by a capital letter)

Question 11

complete dominant traits

Answer 11

(dominant & recessive) only one trait shows

Question 12

true/false: usually takes an equal amount of genes from each parent for each trait

Answer 12

true

Question 13

if D: dimples, and d: non-dimples, what is the genotype and phenotype of a homozygous dominant?

Answer 13

genotype: DD
phenotype: dimples

Question 14

pure (true) breeding

Answer 14

breeding of organisms with genes only in the homozygous condition

Question 15

how many and what types of traits are inherited?

Answer 15

three different types of traits are inherited

morphological (structural), physiological (functional, chemistry), behavioral

Question 16

how many traits and genes in a “dihybrid”?

Answer 16

two traits, four genes (n^2)

Question 17

how many traits and genes in a “trihybrid”?

Answer 17

three traits, six genes (n^3)

Question 18

heterozygous

Answer 18

two different gene forms for a given trait

Question 18

incomplete dominant traits

Answer 18

phenotype looks like both traits are blended

both genes are expressed

Question 19

hybrid

Answer 19

organism that is offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock

Question 20

trait

Answer 20

characteristic that an organism can pass on to offspring through its genes

Question 21

allele

Answer 21

one of two alternate forms of a gene on a homologous chromosomes (are responsible for alternative traits)

Question 22

punnett square

Answer 22

chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from genetic cross

Question 23

pedigree

Answer 23

diagram that shows the history of a trait from one generation to the next

Question 24

gene

Answer 24

segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

Question 25

Gregor Mendel

Answer 25

founder of the science of genetics

experimented in breeding garden peas