Genetics Terms Flashcards
recessive gene
a gene that will give a phenotype only when in homozygous condition (both lower-case letters)
give examples of traits/characteristics
skin, eye color, blood type, immunity proteins in blood, etc.
what is the phenotype of a cow?
black and white spots
genotype
genes that give a phenotype
homozygous
two like genes for a given trait
cross
act of mixing different species or varieties of animals to produce hybrids
phenotype
what a thing looks like
how many traits and genes in a “monohybrid”?
one trait, two genes (n^1)
dominant gene
the gene that shows up in the heterozygous condition (usually represented by a capital letter)
complete dominant traits
(dominant & recessive) only one trait shows
true/false: usually takes an equal amount of genes from each parent for each trait
true
if D: dimples, and d: non-dimples, what is the genotype and phenotype of a homozygous dominant?
genotype: DD
phenotype: dimples
pure (true) breeding
breeding of organisms with genes only in the homozygous condition
how many and what types of traits are inherited?
three different types of traits are inherited
morphological (structural), physiological (functional, chemistry), behavioral
how many traits and genes in a “dihybrid”?
two traits, four genes (n^2)
how many traits and genes in a “trihybrid”?
three traits, six genes (n^3)
heterozygous
two different gene forms for a given trait
incomplete dominant traits
phenotype looks like both traits are blended
both genes are expressed
hybrid
organism that is offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock
trait
characteristic that an organism can pass on to offspring through its genes
allele
one of two alternate forms of a gene on a homologous chromosomes (are responsible for alternative traits)
punnett square
chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from genetic cross
pedigree
diagram that shows the history of a trait from one generation to the next
gene
segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
Gregor Mendel
founder of the science of genetics
experimented in breeding garden peas
