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Honors Biology > Unit IV pt. 2 "DNA" > Flashcards

Unit IV pt. 2 "DNA" Flashcards

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1
Q

nucleotides

A

long chains of monomers

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2
Q

sugar-phosphate backbone

A

repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate

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3
Q

what sugar classifies RNA and DNA?

A

DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose

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4
Q

which nucleic bases are pyrimidines?

A

thymine and cytosine

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5
Q

which nucleic bases are purines?

A

adenine and guanine

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6
Q

what is the structure of DNA?

A

double nucleotide strands (double helix)

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7
Q

what type of bond holds DNA’s nucleic bases together?

A

hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

what takes place during DNA replication?

A

two strands of parental DNA separate, DNA polymerase adds to the new strand of DNA, making the new strand complimentary to the bases of the old

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9
Q

transcription

A

transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule

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10
Q

translation

A

transfer of the information from RNA into a protein

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11
Q

RNA polymerase

A

runs over DNA and transcribes RNA

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12
Q

what does the codon AUG code for?

A

the start of an amino acid chain

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13
Q

what are the three stop codons?

A

UAA, UGA, UAG

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14
Q

promoter

A

signal to “start transcribing”

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15
Q

what is the function of the cap and tail?

A

protect the RNA from attack by cellular enzymes and help ribosomes recognize the RNA as mRNA

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16
Q

introns

A

noncoding regions

17
Q

exons

A

coding regions

18
Q

what is the function of tRNA?

A

picks up appropriate amino acid and matches it with appropriate codons in the mRNA

19
Q

anticodon

A

recognizes correct sequence of mRNA that matches with amino acid

20
Q

substitution

A

replacement of one nucleotide with another in a polypeptide sequence

21
Q

deletion

A

a nucleotide is deleted from the sequence

22
Q

insertion

A

a nucleotide is inserted into the sequence, shifting following nucleotides back

Honors Biology (11 decks)

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