Meiosis, Karyotyping, Non-Disjunction

Question 1

A human somatic cell has ______ (how many autosomes and sex chromosomes?)

Answer 1

22 pairs of autosomes

1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 2

What is the most common chromosome in the human body?

Answer 2

autosomes

Question 3

On what type of chromosomes are the same sequence of genes found?

Answer 3

homologous chromosomes

Question 4

Human somatic cells are ________, gametes are ______.

Answer 4

somatic cells are diploid

gametes are haploid

Question 5

True/False:

the cells entering mitosis have the same amount of DNA as cells entering meiosis

Answer 5

true

Question 6

When do the chromosomes in gametes replicate?

Answer 6

before meiosis I

Question 7

Before crossing over, sister chromosomes are _______.

Answer 7

identical

Question 8

Name a difference between meiosis and mitosis.

Answer 8

• varying answers

ex. single cell is divided into two cells in mitosis and four cells in meiosis.

Question 9

The two daughter cells produced by meiosis I do undergo __________ before meiosis II.

Answer 9

cytokinesis

Question 10

In which processes are sister chromatids separated?

Answer 10

both mitosis and meiosis

Question 11

Define independent assortment.

Answer 11

random segregation of one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes into gametes

Question 12

What is the site where crossing over takes place called?

Answer 12

chiasma

Question 13

The nondisjunction of sex chromosomes causes ________.

Answer 13

chromosomal abnormalities

Question 14

An organisms haploid number is ________.

Answer 14

1/2 of its diploid number

Question 15

What type of cell has one allele for each gene?

Answer 15

gamete

Question 16

During which phase do chromosomes form tetrads?

Answer 16

Prophase I of meiosis

Question 17

Define tetrad.

Answer 17

two homologous chromosomes

Question 18

What kind of cells does meiosis result in?

Answer 18

four genetically different cells

Question 19

True/False:

genes on the same chromosome assort independently

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Somatic cells contain _____ the number of chromosomes found in gametes.

Answer 20

twice

Question 21

If an organism contains genetic information from two parents, what is it said to be?

Answer 21

diploid

Question 22

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 22

two genetically similar chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 23

True/False:

sister chromatids transfer DNA between each other

Answer 23

false

Question 24

Which phase in meiosis does not contribute to genetic diversity?

Answer 24

metaphase of meiosis II