Unit V "DNA Technology" Flashcards
transduction
transfer of bacterial genes by a phage
is injected into new host
transformation
taking up of DNA from fluid surrounding the cell
conjugation
“male” bacterial cell attacked to “female” call by sex pili, forming a bridge for DNA to pass from male to female
DNA technology
modern laboratory techniques for studying and manipulating genetic material
recombinant DNA
process of combining pieces of DNA from different sources, to form a single DNA molecule
genetic engineering
direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
genetically modified organisms
organisms that have acquired one or more genes by artificial means
plasmids
small, circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the larger bacterial chromosome
gene cloning
production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA
vectors
gene carriers
true/false: the same enzyme is required to cut each plasmid and the complementary DNA
true
restriction enzymes
cutting tools used for making recombinant DNA
restriction site
DNA sequence recognized by a particular restriction enzyme
restriction fragments
pieces of DNA cut by a restriction enzyme
sticky ends
join DNA restriction fragments originating from different sources
DNA ligase
joins DNA fragments permanently
genomic library
collection of cloned DNA fragments that include an organism’s entire genome
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
specific segment of DNA can be targeted and copies quickly and precisely
what is the solution in PCR exposed to?
cycles of heat and cool air
gel electrophoresis
method of sorting macromolecules (proteins or nucleic acids) by their electric charge and size
which fragments of DNA move toward the positive charge faster in gel electrophoresis?
shorter fragments move through the gel faster
human genome project
determined nucleotide sequence of all the DNA in the human genome and identified the location and sequence of every gene
true/false: DNA endonuclease is a part of PCR
false
DNA fingerprinting
procedure that analyzes a person’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments
forensics
scientific analysis of evidence for legal investigations
what is the host of recombinant DNA called?
transgenic / GMO
genetic engineering has produced rice that can help prevent what kind of deficiency?
vitamin A deficiency
to customize bacteria to produce a specific protein, the gene for that protein is inserted into?
a plasmid
nucleic acid probe
since-stranded molecule of radioactively labeled DNA (nucleotide sequence is complementary to gene of interest)
true/false: human genome carries between 2,000 and 3,00 genes
false
what was Griffith’s experiment in the 1920’s an example of?
transformation
