Unit V "DNA Technology"

Question 1

transduction

Answer 1

transfer of bacterial genes by a phage

is injected into new host

Question 2

transformation

Answer 2

taking up of DNA from fluid surrounding the cell

Question 3

conjugation

Answer 3

“male” bacterial cell attacked to “female” call by sex pili, forming a bridge for DNA to pass from male to female

Question 4

DNA technology

Answer 4

modern laboratory techniques for studying and manipulating genetic material

Question 5

recombinant DNA

Answer 5

process of combining pieces of DNA from different sources, to form a single DNA molecule

Question 6

genetic engineering

Answer 6

direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Question 7

genetically modified organisms

Answer 7

organisms that have acquired one or more genes by artificial means

Question 8

plasmids

Answer 8

small, circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the larger bacterial chromosome

Question 9

gene cloning

Answer 9

production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA

Question 10

vectors

Answer 10

gene carriers

Question 11

true/false: the same enzyme is required to cut each plasmid and the complementary DNA

Answer 11

true

Question 12

restriction enzymes

Answer 12

cutting tools used for making recombinant DNA

Question 13

restriction site

Answer 13

DNA sequence recognized by a particular restriction enzyme

Question 14

restriction fragments

Answer 14

pieces of DNA cut by a restriction enzyme

Question 15

sticky ends

Answer 15

join DNA restriction fragments originating from different sources

Question 16

DNA ligase

Answer 16

joins DNA fragments permanently

Question 17

genomic library

Answer 17

collection of cloned DNA fragments that include an organism’s entire genome

Question 18

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Answer 18

specific segment of DNA can be targeted and copies quickly and precisely

Question 19

what is the solution in PCR exposed to?

Answer 19

cycles of heat and cool air

Question 20

gel electrophoresis

Answer 20

method of sorting macromolecules (proteins or nucleic acids) by their electric charge and size

Question 21

which fragments of DNA move toward the positive charge faster in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 21

shorter fragments move through the gel faster

Question 22

human genome project

Answer 22

determined nucleotide sequence of all the DNA in the human genome and identified the location and sequence of every gene

Question 23

true/false: DNA endonuclease is a part of PCR

Answer 23

false

Question 24

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 24

procedure that analyzes a person’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments

Question 25

forensics

Answer 25

scientific analysis of evidence for legal investigations

Question 26

what is the host of recombinant DNA called?

Answer 26

transgenic / GMO

Question 27

genetic engineering has produced rice that can help prevent what kind of deficiency?

Answer 27

vitamin A deficiency

Question 28

to customize bacteria to produce a specific protein, the gene for that protein is inserted into?

Answer 28

a plasmid

Question 29

nucleic acid probe

Answer 29

since-stranded molecule of radioactively labeled DNA (nucleotide sequence is complementary to gene of interest)

Question 30

true/false: human genome carries between 2,000 and 3,00 genes

Answer 30

false

Question 31

what was Griffith’s experiment in the 1920’s an example of?

Answer 31

transformation