Unit IV pt. 1 "Meiosis/Genetics"

Question 1

gametes

Answer 1

egg and sperm

Question 2

somatic cell

Answer 2

body cell (46 chromosomes)

Question 3

homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

two chromosomes of a matching pair

Question 4

sex chromosomes

Answer 4

X and Y ; determine a person’s sex

Question 5

autosomes

Answer 5

remaining chromosomes other than sex chromosomes

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 7

haploid

Answer 7

one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

zygote

Answer 8

fertilized egg

Question 9

meiosis

Answer 9

process of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid organisms

Question 10

prophase I

Answer 10

homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs

Question 11

metaphase I

Answer 11

pairs of homologous chromosomes line up

Question 12

anaphase I

Answer 12

pairs of homologous chromosomes split up

Question 13

telophase I and cytokinesis

Answer 13

two haploid cells form; chromosomes are still doubled

Question 14

metaphase II

Answer 14

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 15

anaphase II

Answer 15

sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 16

telophase II and cytokinesis

Answer 16

results in four haploid daughter cells

Question 17

crossing over

Answer 17

exchange of corresponding segments between homologous chromosomes

Question 18

chiasma

Answer 18

region where crossing over takes place

Question 19

nondisjunction

Answer 19

members of a chromosome pair fault to separate during anaphase

Question 20

in pedigrees, which shape represents a female and which a male?

Answer 20

circle: female
square: male

Question 21

when a shape is shaded in a pedigree, what does that signify?

Answer 21

the person has the trait being investigated

Question 22

pleiotropy

Answer 22

gene influences several characters