Unit Two Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Meninges

Question 1

How many vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

33

Question 2

What are the two primary curvatures of the vertebrae that are present at birth?

Answer 2

thoracic, sacral

Question 3

What are the two secondary curvatures that develop after birth?

Answer 3

Cervical, lumbar

Question 4

What is an exaggeration of the thoracic curvture called?

Answer 4

kyphosis

Question 5

What is an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature called?

Answer 5

lordosis

Question 6

What is an abnormal lateral curvature called?

Answer 6

scoliosis

Question 7

What protects the spinal chord?

Answer 7

vertebral arch

Question 8

What connects the lamina to the body of vertebrae?

Answer 8

the pedicle

Question 9

What are the lamina of the vertebrae?

Answer 9

two flattened processes that connect pedicles to spinal processes

Question 10

What does the vertebral foramen contain?

Answer 10

spinal chord and meninges

Question 11

What is the superior verebral notch?

Answer 11

Superior concavity above the pedicle

Question 12

What is the inferior vertebrla notch?

Answer 12

concavity inferior to the pedicle

Question 13

Where do intervertebral roots pass through in the spinal chord?

Answer 13

Intervertebral foramen

Question 14

What do the first 7 cervical vertebrae have that the others do not, and what is contained in them?

Answer 14

transverse foramen, vertebral artery

Question 15

What is an alternative name for the CV1?

Answer 15

atlas

Question 16

What is an alternative name for cv2?

Answer 16

axis

Question 17

What is supported by the articular processes of the atlas?

Answer 17

occipital condyles

Question 18

What does the atlas have in place of a spinous process?

Answer 18

anterior and posterior arches

Question 19

What is the projection off of the body of the axis? What is it’s purpose?

Answer 19

odontoid process; serves as rotation point for the skull

Question 20

What holds the odontoid process/ dens in place?

Answer 20

(the transverse ligament of atlas)

Question 21

What are the surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae where they meet ribs?

Answer 21

costal surfaces or facets

Question 22

What is located on the superior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 22

mammillary process

Question 23

What is on the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 23

accessory process

Question 24

What does the sacrum articulate with?

Answer 24

ilium of the hip

Question 25

What kind of joints are the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?

Answer 25

synovial joints

Question 26

What is the cartilage of the articular process called?

Answer 26

facet

Question 27

What seperates the bodies of the vertebrae from one another?

Answer 27

intervertebral disks

Question 28

What are the two portions of a intervertebral disk?

Answer 28

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

Question 29

What strengthens the bodies of the vertebrae and disks while joining them?

Answer 29

anterior and posterior ligaments

Question 30

Which vertebrae have no intervetebral disk?

Answer 30

atlas and axis

Question 31

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament run?

Answer 31

anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae from CV1 to sacrum.

Question 32

What runs on the posterior surface of the vertebrae from CV2 to the sacrum?

Answer 32

Posterior logitudinal ligament

Question 33

What is found within the vertebral canal and attaches the lamina of adjacent vertebrae?

Answer 33

ligamentum flavum

Question 34

What is the supraspinous ligament?

Answer 34

strong fibrous cord which connects the spinous processes from C7 to sacrum (b)

Question 35

What connect the marigins of the foramen magnum of the skull and the anterior and posterior arches of CV1?

Answer 35

anterior and posterior antlantooccipital membranes

Question 36

What holds the dens of CV2 against the anterior arch of CV1?

Answer 36

transverse ligament

Question 37

What is formed by bands of the transverse ligament that extend to the body of CV2?

Answer 37

cruciform ligament

Question 38

What type of neurons are found in the ventral horn of the spinal chord?

Answer 38

motor neurons

Question 39

Where are sensory cell bodies found?

Answer 39

dorsal root ganglion

Question 40

What forms the spinal nerve proper?

Answer 40

convergence of ventral and dorsal roots

Question 41

What is the function of the dorsal ramus?

Answer 41

Innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin over them, receives sensory stimuli from all of the tissues in the posterior segment

Question 42

What is a dermatome?

Answer 42

a segment of skin supplied by a single spinal chord segment or level

Question 43

Where does the spinal cord generally end?

Answer 43

intervertebral disk betwen L1 and L2

Question 44

What forms at the lower end of the spinal cord?

Answer 44

conus medullaris

Question 45

What are the spinal roots called in the lumbar and upper sacral region?

Answer 45

cauda equina

Question 46

Where do spinal nerves C1-C7 exit?

Answer 46

they exit through the intervertebral foramen from which they are named

Question 47

Where does the spinal nerve of c8 exit?

Answer 47

between cv7 and tv1

Question 48

How do the spinal nerves from t1 to s5 exit?

Answer 48

below numbered vertebrae

Question 49

What is a spinal cord segment?

Answer 49

area of spinal cord to which posterior anterior spinal roots attach

Question 50

What occurs as a consequence of the spinal cord ending at L1-L2?

Answer 50

spinal cord segment for lumbar found in TV11-TV-12 and actual spinal cord segment of sacral spine in LV1-LV2

Question 51

Where are the spinal chord enlargments found, and what do they correspond to?

Answer 51

they are found in the cervical and lumbar regions, and correspond to the limbs

Question 52

What is the outermost covering of the spinal cord?

Answer 52

dura mater

Question 53

what is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater?

Answer 53

subdural space

Question 54

what attaches the dura mater to the foramen magnum and the coccyx?

Answer 54

the coccygeal ligament

Question 55

What seperates the pia and the arachnoid membrane?

Answer 55

subarachnoid space

Question 56

What is found in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 56

cerebral spinal fluid

Question 57

What produces the cerebral spinal fluid? How much is there? Where is it reabsorbed?

Answer 57

produced in the ventricals of the brain by the chorcoid plexus...about 150ml...reabsorbed by venous system

Question 58

what directly covers the spinal cord?

Answer 58

the pia mater

Question 59

what anchors the spinal cord to the duramater?

Answer 59

denticulate ligaments which are lateral extensions of the pia mater

Question 60

What else do denticulate ligaments do?

Answer 60

seperate dorsal and ventral roots

Question 61

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 61

extension of pia from the conus medullaris and continues as the coccygeal ligament of the dura

Question 62

What is found in the epidural space?

Answer 62

fat and venous plexus

Question 63

What is in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 63

CSF, in the lumbar cistern there are spinal roots-cauda equina and filum terminale

Question 64

What supplies the blood to the spinal cord?

Answer 64

unpaired anterior spinal artery, paired posterior spinal artery, segmental arteries (supply nerve roots as radicular arteries), veins are present as plexes (external and internal vertebral plexuses and spinal cord (external spinal veins)

Question 65

Where is the internal vertebral venous plexus located?

Answer 65

(epidural space in the vertebral canal)

Question 66

Where is the external vertebral venous plexus located, and what is unique about it?

Answer 66

located outside of vertebrae and has no valves