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Anatomy > Unit Two Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Meninges > Flashcards

Unit Two Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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2
Q

What are the two primary curvatures of the vertebrae that are present at birth?

A

thoracic, sacral

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3
Q

What are the two secondary curvatures that develop after birth?

A

Cervical, lumbar

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4
Q

What is an exaggeration of the thoracic curvture called?

A

kyphosis

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5
Q

What is an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature called?

A

lordosis

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6
Q

What is an abnormal lateral curvature called?

A

scoliosis

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7
Q

What protects the spinal chord?

A

vertebral arch

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8
Q

What connects the lamina to the body of vertebrae?

A

the pedicle

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9
Q

What are the lamina of the vertebrae?

A

two flattened processes that connect pedicles to spinal processes

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10
Q

What does the vertebral foramen contain?

A

spinal chord and meninges

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11
Q

What is the superior verebral notch?

A

Superior concavity above the pedicle

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12
Q

What is the inferior vertebrla notch?

A

concavity inferior to the pedicle

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13
Q

Where do intervertebral roots pass through in the spinal chord?

A

Intervertebral foramen

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14
Q

What do the first 7 cervical vertebrae have that the others do not, and what is contained in them?

A

transverse foramen, vertebral artery

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15
Q

What is an alternative name for the CV1?

A

atlas

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16
Q

What is an alternative name for cv2?

A

axis

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17
Q

What is supported by the articular processes of the atlas?

A

occipital condyles

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18
Q

What does the atlas have in place of a spinous process?

A

anterior and posterior arches

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19
Q

What is the projection off of the body of the axis? What is it’s purpose?

A

odontoid process; serves as rotation point for the skull

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20
Q

What holds the odontoid process/ dens in place?

A

(the transverse ligament of atlas)

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21
Q

What are the surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae where they meet ribs?

A

costal surfaces or facets

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22
Q

What is located on the superior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

mammillary process

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23
Q

What is on the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

accessory process

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24
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with?

A

ilium of the hip

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25
Q

What kind of joints are the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?

A

synovial joints

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26
Q

What is the cartilage of the articular process called?

A

facet

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27
Q

What seperates the bodies of the vertebrae from one another?

A

intervertebral disks

28
Q

What are the two portions of a intervertebral disk?

A

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

29
Q

What strengthens the bodies of the vertebrae and disks while joining them?

A

anterior and posterior ligaments

30
Q

Which vertebrae have no intervetebral disk?

A

atlas and axis

31
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament run?

A

anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae from CV1 to sacrum.

32
Q

What runs on the posterior surface of the vertebrae from CV2 to the sacrum?

A

Posterior logitudinal ligament

33
Q

What is found within the vertebral canal and attaches the lamina of adjacent vertebrae?

A

ligamentum flavum

34
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament?

A

strong fibrous cord which connects the spinous processes from C7 to sacrum (b)

35
Q

What connect the marigins of the foramen magnum of the skull and the anterior and posterior arches of CV1?

A

anterior and posterior antlantooccipital membranes

36
Q

What holds the dens of CV2 against the anterior arch of CV1?

A

transverse ligament

37
Q

What is formed by bands of the transverse ligament that extend to the body of CV2?

A

cruciform ligament

38
Q

What type of neurons are found in the ventral horn of the spinal chord?

A

motor neurons

39
Q

Where are sensory cell bodies found?

A

dorsal root ganglion

40
Q

What forms the spinal nerve proper?

A

convergence of ventral and dorsal roots

41
Q

What is the function of the dorsal ramus?

A

Innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin over them, receives sensory stimuli from all of the tissues in the posterior segment

42
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

a segment of skin supplied by a single spinal chord segment or level

43
Q

Where does the spinal cord generally end?

A

intervertebral disk betwen L1 and L2

44
Q

What forms at the lower end of the spinal cord?

A

conus medullaris

45
Q

What are the spinal roots called in the lumbar and upper sacral region?

A

cauda equina

46
Q

Where do spinal nerves C1-C7 exit?

A

they exit through the intervertebral foramen from which they are named

47
Q

Where does the spinal nerve of c8 exit?

A

between cv7 and tv1

48
Q

How do the spinal nerves from t1 to s5 exit?

A

below numbered vertebrae

49
Q

What is a spinal cord segment?

A

area of spinal cord to which posterior anterior spinal roots attach

50
Q

What occurs as a consequence of the spinal cord ending at L1-L2?

A

spinal cord segment for lumbar found in TV11-TV-12 and actual spinal cord segment of sacral spine in LV1-LV2

51
Q

Where are the spinal chord enlargments found, and what do they correspond to?

A

they are found in the cervical and lumbar regions, and correspond to the limbs

52
Q

What is the outermost covering of the spinal cord?

A

dura mater

53
Q

what is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater?

A

subdural space

54
Q

what attaches the dura mater to the foramen magnum and the coccyx?

A

the coccygeal ligament

55
Q

What seperates the pia and the arachnoid membrane?

A

subarachnoid space

56
Q

What is found in the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebral spinal fluid

57
Q

What produces the cerebral spinal fluid? How much is there? Where is it reabsorbed?

A

produced in the ventricals of the brain by the chorcoid plexus…about 150ml…reabsorbed by venous system

58
Q

what directly covers the spinal cord?

A

the pia mater

59
Q

what anchors the spinal cord to the duramater?

A

denticulate ligaments which are lateral extensions of the pia mater

60
Q

What else do denticulate ligaments do?

A

seperate dorsal and ventral roots

61
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

extension of pia from the conus medullaris and continues as the coccygeal ligament of the dura

62
Q

What is found in the epidural space?

A

fat and venous plexus

63
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF, in the lumbar cistern there are spinal roots-cauda equina and filum terminale

64
Q

What supplies the blood to the spinal cord?

A

unpaired anterior spinal artery, paired posterior spinal artery, segmental arteries (supply nerve roots as radicular arteries), veins are present as plexes (external and internal vertebral plexuses and spinal cord (external spinal veins)

65
Q

Where is the internal vertebral venous plexus located?

A

(epidural space in the vertebral canal)

66
Q

Where is the external vertebral venous plexus located, and what is unique about it?

A

located outside of vertebrae and has no valves

67
Q
A

Anatomy (16 decks)

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