Skull Flashcards
Bregma of skull
at the junction of sagittal and frontal suture
Glabella of Skull
medium elevation between eye brows (supraciliary arches)
nasion of skull
at the junction of internasal and frontonasal sutures
pterion
a circular area formed by the junction of
- frontal bone
- sphenoid bone
- parietal and squamous part of temporal bone
What bones form the pterion?
- frontal bone
- sphenoid bone
- parietal and squamous part of temporal bone
What does the pterion mark?
marks the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery
lambda
at the junction of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures
What are the eight paired bones of the skull?
a. parietal - top of the skull
b. temporal - below parietal on the side of the skull
c. zygomatic - cheek bone
d. nasal - forming bridge of the nose
e. lacrimal - on the medial wall of the orbit
f. inferior concha - lower part of nasal cavity
g. palatine - posterior part of hard palate
h. maxilla - forming upper jaw
What are the six unpaired bones of the skull?
a. frontal - forehead
b. ethmoid - forming medial wall of the orbit and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
c. occipital - posterior aspect of skull - surrounds foramen magnum
d. sphenoid - a bat shaped bone, in most part located deep in the skull
e. vomer - forming inferior posterior part of nasal septum
f. mandible - lower jaw
What paired bones enclose the cranial cavity?
a. parietal - top of head
b. temporal - side of head
What unpaired bones enclose the cranial cavity?
a. frontal - forehead region
b. occipital - back of head
c. sphenoid - base of cranial cavity
d. ethmoid - related to nose
What are the paired bones of the face?
a. zygomatic - cheek bones
b. maxilla - upper jaw
c. nasal - nose
d. lacrimal - in orbit
e. palatine - roof of mouth
f. inferior concha - in nose
What are the unpaired bones of the face?
a. vomer - nasal septum
b. mandible - lower jaw
What is endochondral bone formation?
has a cartilaginous model before bone is
formed
what is intramembraneous bone formation?
NO cartilaginous model
a. bone is formed directly from mesenchyme
What type of joints join the bones of the skull?
fibrous type of
joints - synchondroses
What are the three large important sutures of the skull?
a. sagittal suture - between parietal bones
b. coronal suture - between frontal and parietal bones
c. lambdoid suture - separates occipital bone from parietal and temporal
bones
What important formina can be seen from the superior aspect of the skull, and what passes through here?
parietal - for emissary veins
What bones can be see in the posterior region of the skull?
- squamous/flat part of occipital bone
- parietal
- mastoid process of the temporal bone
What sutures can be seen from the posterior aspect of the skull?
- lambdoid
- parietomastoid
- occipitomastoid
What is the median occipital crest?
it descends from external occipital
protuberance to the foramen magnum
a. provides attachment to ligamentum nuchae
What bones can be seen from the lateral aspect of the skull?
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- temporalis process of zygomatic bone
- sphenoid bone
- occipital bone
- mandible
- maxilla
What parts of the temporal bone can be seen when viewing the skull laterally?
a. squamous part - zygomatic process
b. tympanic part - external auditory meatus
c. mastoid process
What part of the spenoid bone can be seen when viewing laterally?
a. greater wing (probably lateral plate as well)
What parts of the mandible can be seen from the lateral view of the skull?
a. condyle
b. coronoid process
c. ramus
d. angle of mandible
What are the major structures of the lateral part of the skull?
- zygomatic arch
- temporal line
- external auditory meatus
What is the temporal line of the skull?
begins at zygomatic process of frontal bone, arches backward across frontal and parietal bone
a. provides attachment to temporalis fascia
What are the borders of the infratemporal fossa?
a. anterior - posterior surface of maxilla
b. posterior - tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid process of the
temporal bone
c. superior/roof - infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the
sphenoid
d. inferior - the level where the medial pterygoid muscle attaches to
the mandible near the angle
e. medial - lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
f. lateral - ramus and coronoid process of mandible
Through what structures does the infratemporal fossa communicate with other regions of the skull?
a. superolaterally - temporal fossa through gap bounded by the
zygomatic arch
b. anteriorly - orbit through inferior orbital fissure
c. medially - pterygopalatine fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure
d. superiorly - middle cranial fossa through foramen ovale and foramen
spinosum
e. inferiorly - neck
Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?
located below the apex of the orbit, between the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid and palatine bones. This fossa is difficult to see..
What are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
a. superior - body of sphenoid, but mostly inferior orbital fissure
b. anterior - posterior surface of maxilla (posterior wall of maxillary
sinus)
c. posterior - pterygoid process and the root of the greater wing of
the sphenoid
d. medial - perpendicular plate of palatine bone
e. inferior - anterior and posterior walls come together and continue
as pterygopalatine canal
f. lateral - opens into pterygomaxillary fissure
Through what structures does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with other regions of the skull?
a. superiorly - inferior orbital fissure to orbit
b. inferiorly - greater and lesser palatine canals to palate
c. posteriorly
(1) foramen rotundum to middle cranial fossa
(2) pterygoid canal to foramen lacerum
HA-18-4
(3) pharyngeal canal to posterior nasal aperture
d. medially - sphenopalatine foramen to nasal cavity
e. laterally - pterygomaxillary fissure to infratemporal fossa
f. anteriorly - none
What are the supracilliary arches?
extend laterally from glabella
What is the supraorbital notch?
in upper margin of orbit
What are the parts of the anterior maxilla?
body, zygomatic process, frontal process, palatine process, alveolar process, intermaxillary
suture