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Anatomy > Unit 8 Posterior Triangle and Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Unit 8 Posterior Triangle and Root of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called where the left and right halves of the mandible join?

A

the mental symphisis

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2
Q

How far does the body of the mandible extend?

A

extends back to the angle

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3
Q

What muscle is found on the external portion of the angle of the mandible?

A

the masseter mucle

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4
Q

Where would one find the facial artery?

A

inferior border of the mandible near the anterior border of the masseter muscle

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5
Q

what is the mastoid process of the skull?

A
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6
Q

what is the difference between the medial and lateral end of the clavicle?

A

medial end in rounded, lateral end is flattened

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7
Q

Where is the inferior border of the clavicle?

A

spine of CV7

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8
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A
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9
Q

What bone does the hyoid articulate with?

A

none

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10
Q

What is suspended from the hyoid bone and by what means?

A

The larynx is suspended by the thyrohyoid membrane

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11
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage?

A
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12
Q

What is located in the midline of the neck?

A

Adam’s Apple (laryngeal prominence)

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13
Q

What is inferior to the thyroid cartilage?

A

cricoid cartilage of the larynx

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14
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck? What is found under the midpoint of this structure?

A

The sternocleidomastoid muscle, the spinal accessory nerve

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15
Q

What is found in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

fat, cutaneous nerves, muscles of facial expression, their nerves and veins

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15
Q

What nerves make up the cutaneous component of the cervical plexus?

A

lesser occipital (C2), Great auricular (C2,3), Transverse cervical (C2,3), supraclavicular nerves (C3,4)

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16
Q

What skin is innervated by the lesser occipital nerve?

A

skin of neck and scalp posteriosuperioly to the auricle of the ear

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17
Q

Where is the great auricular nerve? What skin does it innervate?

A

Innervates the skin of the parotid region and auricle, supplies skin of the mandible to the mastoid

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18
Q

Where is the transverse cervical nerve? What skin does it supply? What does it join?

A

skin of anterior triangle of neck, joins cervical branch of the facial nerve inferior to the parotid gland

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19
Q

Where are the supraclavicular nerves? What do they supply?

A

supply skin of inferior half of the posterior traingle of the neck, supply skin of the upper thoracic region and deltoid regions

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20
Q

What is the platysma muscle? What innervates this muscle?

A

innervated by C7 (facial muscle) as it is considered a facial expression muscle

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21
Q

What two veins join to form the external jugular vein? What does it drain into?

A

Notice in the picture that the external jugular is posterior and superficial to the internal jugular….the two veins that join are the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins…it drains into the subclavian

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22
Q

What is the major facia of the neck?

A

deep cervical fascia

23
Q

What is the anterior layer of deep cervical fascia? What is its function?

A

called the investing layer of fascia, not surprisingly it invests the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (invests) as well as forms the roof of the anterior and posterior traingles of the neck

24
Q

What is the posterior layer of cervical fascia?

A

surrounds the vertebral column and the muscles closesly associated with it…called the prevertebral fascia

25
Q

Where is the visceral fascia?

A

surrounds the viscera of the neck, pharynx, esophagus, larnyx, trachea, and thyroid (YELLOW)

26
Q

Where is the carotid sheath?

A

surrounds carotid vessels, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

27
Q

What does the middle cervical fasia contain?

A

infrahyoid strap muscles

28
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

bounded medially by midline, superiorly by the mandible, laterally by the sternocleidomastoid

29
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

anterior by the sternocleidomastoid, posteriorly by the trapezius, inferiorly by the clavicle

30
Q

Through what structure is the posterior triangle continuous with the axilla?

A

through the cervicoaxillary canal

31
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior traingle?

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

32
Q

What muscle form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

splenius capitus, splenius cervicis, levator scapulae, posterior scalene, middle scalene, anterior scalene

33
Q

What is the carpet of the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

prevertebral fascia

34
Q

What structures are found between the investing and prevertebral layers of deep fascia?

A

spinal accessory nerve, inferior belly of the omohyoid, transverse cervical vessels, cutaneous nerves to the skin

35
Q

What is found between the carpet and the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, phrenic nerve, proximal portion of the brachial plexus, third part of the subclavian

36
Q

What are three important functions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

anterior border of posterior triangle, origin of manubrium and medial end of the clavicle, insertion the mastoid process

37
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

contraction of one muscle turns the head to the opposite side, contraction of both muscles flexes the neck

38
Q

What is the function of the 3 scalene muscles?

A

muscles of inspiration, act on the vertebral column of the neck

39
Q

From where does the anterior scalene muscle arise? Where does it insert? What nerves innervate this muscle?

A

Arises from the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of CV3-6, inserts on the scalene tubercle of the first rib between the subclavian vessels, innervated by C5-C7

40
Q

Which is the largest of the scalene muscles? From where does this muscle arrise? Where does it insert? What nerves innervate this muscle?

A

Middle Scalene….arises from posterior tubercle of CV2-7, inserts on the superior surface of the first rib immediately posterior to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery, innervated by C3-C8

41
Q

From where does the posterior scalene arise? Where does it insert? What nerves innervate this muscle?

A

Arises from the posterior tubercle of the transvere processes of CV 5-7; inserts on the second rib, innervated by C7-8

42
Q

Where does the omohyoid muscle arise from? Where does it insert? what innervates the muscle?

A

upper border of the scapula, insteronts on the lower border of the hyoid, innerveated by the ansa cervicalis

43
Q

What structures are found between the anterior and middle scalene?

A

subclavian and anterior primary rami

44
Q

What structures are above the first rib?

A

subclavian vein, scalene anterior, subclavian, lower portion of the brachial plexus, middle scalene

45
Q

What is formed by the anterior rami of C5-T1? What are the parts of this structure?

A

brachial plexus, ventral rami, trunks, divisions, suprascapular nerve, nerve to subcvavius, dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, phrenic nerve

46
Q

What does the subclavian artery become?

A

axillary artery

47
Q

From where does the internal thoracic artery arise?

A

subclavian

48
Q

from where does the verterbral artery arise?

A

posterior superior subclavian

49
Q

from what artery does the thyrocervical trunk arise?

A

superior part of the subclavian

50
Q

What are the three branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

inferior thyroid, suprascapular, transverse cervical

51
Q

What are the branches of the inferior thyroid artery?

A

acending cervical, inferior laryngeal

52
Q

Where is the suprascapular artery?

A

2

53
Q

What are the two branches of the transverse scapular artery?

A

superficial and deep

54
Q

what are the two branches of the costocervical trunk?

A

deep cervical artery and highest intercostal

55
Q

What does the joining of the jugular and subclavian veins make?

A

brachiocephalic vein

56
Q
A

Anatomy (16 decks)

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