Unit 9 Axilla Flashcards
Through which structure is the axilla continuous with the posterior triangle of the neck?
the cervicoaxillary canal
What are the contents of the cervicoaxillary canal?
brachial plexus, axillary vessels, lymphnodes, fat
What the boundaries of the cervicoaxillary canal?
apex (first rib, clavicle, superior border of th scapula), anterior wall (subclavius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major), medial wall (serratus anterior muscles), posterior wall (subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi), lateral wall (coracobrachialis and biceps brachii), base/floor (skin and axillary fascia)
From where does the subscapularis muscle arise? Where does it insert? What is its function?
arises from the subscapular fossa of scapula. inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus, medial rotator of the arm,
What nerves innervate the subscapularis muscle? What blood vessels supply the the subscapular muscle?
upper and lower subscapular nerves, subscapular vessels
From where does the teres major muscle arise? Where does it insert? What is its function?
arises from the inferior angle and adjacent axillary border of scapula, inserts on the lesser tubicular ridge of the humerus, it is an adductor and medial rotator of the arm
What innervates the teres major muscle? What supplies blood?
The lower subscapular nerve, the subscapular vessels
Where is the origin of the serratus anterior? Where is the insertion of the serratus anterior? What is the function?
origin is on upper 8 ribs, insertion is on the vertebral border of the scapula, the function is to rpevent retraction of scapula, it can also assist rotation of the shoulder
What occurs with the loss of the nerve supply to the serratus anterior?
winged scapula
What does the axillary artery become at the lower border of the teres major muscle?
brachial artery
What is the first branch of the axillary?
the superior thoracic artery, which supplies the first two intercostal spaces
What two branches are found on the second part of the axillary artery?
thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic
What are the four branches of the thoracoacromial trunk?
the acromial artery(supplies the acromion process), the pectoral arteries, the clavicular arteries(supplies subclavius), the deltoid arteries
What is the third branch found on the second part of the axillary artery?
the lateral thoracic artery which supplies the axilla and mammary gland
What are the three branches of the third portion of the axillary artery?
the subscapular, the anterior humeral circumfelx, the posterior humeral circumflex
What are the two parts of the subscapular artery?
the scapular circumflex and the thoracodorsal
What does the scapular circumflex join?
the suprascapular artery
What artery is the axillary artery a continuation of?
the subclavian
What vein serves the axillary region?
axillary vein
What are the parts of the brachial plexus?
rami, trunks, divisions, cords, nerves
What are the nerves of the brachial plexus?
dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic, suprascapular, nerve to subclavius, lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous, medial brachial cutaneus, medial antebrachial, upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve
what are the five regional groups of lymph nodes in the axilla?
pectoral, brachial, subscapular, central, apical
