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Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the land marks of the heart?

A

apex, base, inferior border, right border, left border, superior border, pericardium, pulmonary valve, aortic valve, mitral valve, tricuspid valve

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2
Q

At which intercostal space is the apex of the heart centered?

A

left 5th intercostal space

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3
Q

What forms the base of the heart?

A

posterior aspect of the heart formed mostly by the left atrium, and partially formed by the right atrium

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4
Q

what vessels connect to the base?

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins

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5
Q

inferior border of the heart

A
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6
Q

What junction marks the inferior border of the heart?

A

xiphosternal junction

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7
Q

Where is the right border of the heart?

A

3cm to the right of the sternal margin

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8
Q

Describe tbe left heart border

A

angles superiorly from apex to 2nd intercostal space…3cm to the left of the sternal margin

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9
Q

What are marks the beginning of the superior border of the heart? What intercostal space does this occur at?

A

beginning of the aorta, 3rd

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10
Q

Where is the pericardium relative to the heart?

A

same position but ends a little higher because it goes beyond the base to end on the great vessels around the level of the second costal cartilage

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11
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located? Where would you listen to it?

A

Located near the left side of the sternum at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage; you would listen to is in the second intercostal spaceon the left

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12
Q

Where is the aortic valve located? Where would you listen for it?

A

Located near the left side of the sternum at the level of the third intercostal space; listen in the second intercostal space to the right

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13
Q

Where is the mitral valve located? Where would you listen for it?

A

Located near left side of sternum at the level of the fourth costal cartilage; listen for it in the fifth intercostal space 3.5 inches to the left of the midline

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14
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located? Where would you listen for it?

A

located behind the sternum at the level of fourth intercostal space, listen over lower body of left sternum

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15
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

marginal branch, sinoatrial branch, posterior interventricular branch, right posterior left ventricular branch, atrioventricular nodal branch

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16
Q

Where do you find the marginal branch of the right coronary artery?

A

runs along the acute margin

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17
Q

Where does the sinoatrial nodal artery run?

A

anterior wall of the right atrium and circles around he opening of the superior vena cava to reach the sulcus terminalis

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18
Q

Where does the posterior interventricular branch of the right cornoary artery run?

A

runs in the interventriuclar sulcus

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19
Q

What does the rught posterior left ventricular branch supply?

A

left ventricle

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20
Q

where does the atrioventricular nodal branch arise from?

A

crux region of the heart

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21
Q

What are the branches of the coronary artery?

A

anterior interventricular branch, circumflex branch

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22
Q

What are the two brnaches of the circumflex branch on the left coronary artery?

A

marginal, posterior left ventricular

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23
Q

What is the blood supply for the septal wall?

A

anterior and posterior perforating branches of the anterior and posterior interventricular artery

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24
Q

What is the blood supply for the left anterior wall of the left ventricle?

A

diagonal branches of the anterior interventricular artery

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25
Q

What supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

A

marginal brances of the circumflex branch

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26
Q

What supplies the inferior wall of the left vetricle?

A

posterior left ventricular branch of circuflex or posterior left ventricular branch of right coronary artery

27
Q

What are the veins of the heart?

A

great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, posterior vein of left ventricle, oblique vein of left atrum, anterior cardiac veins, smallest veins

28
Q

How does the great cardiac vein run?

A

anterior interventricular sulcus and travels with the anterior interventricualr artery, then circumflex artery

29
Q

Where does the middle cardiac vein run?

A

Begins in poserior interventricular sulcus and travels with posterior interventricular artery

30
Q

Where does the small cardiac vein run?

A

lies in the posterior right coronary sulcus with right coronary artery

31
Q

Were does the oblique vein of the left atrium run?

A

runs below and lateral to the left pulmonary veins

32
Q

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain blood from?

A

they drain blood from the anterior wall of the right ventricle and open directly into the right atrium

33
Q

What are the smallest veins?

A

found in the walls of the atria of the right heart and drain directly into the cavities

34
Q

What are the parts of the right atrium?

A

sinus venarum, crista terminalis, petinate muscles, opening of the superior vena cava, opening of the inferior vena cava, ostium for the coronary sinus, fossa ovalis and limbus fossa ovalis, sinoatrial nod and atrioventricular node

35
Q

What is the sinus venarum?

A

smooth part between two vena cava

36
Q

What is the cristae terminalis?

A
37
Q

What are the pectinate muscles?

A
38
Q

what is the ostium for the coronary sinus?

A
39
Q

Where is another name for the right atrioventricular valve?

A

tricuspid

40
Q

what are the trabeculae carnae?

A
41
Q

What are the papillary muscles?

A

conival projections of ventricular muscle related to the valve cusps

42
Q

what are the chordae tendinae?

A

fibrous cords attaching the papillary muscles to valve cusps

43
Q

What isthe infundibulum (conus arteriosus)

A

smooth portion of right ventricle inferior to pulmonary valve

44
Q

what structures seperate the infundibulum from the rough surface?

A

supraventricular crest and septomarginal trabeculae

45
Q

What is the pulmonary orifice?

A

guard by the pulmonary valve

46
Q

What type of blood does the left atrium receive?

A

oxygenated

47
Q

what is the auricle?

A

muscular pouch on left atrium

48
Q

where is the valve of the foramen ovale?

A

left side of interatrial septum

49
Q

What is another ame for the left atrioventricular valve?

A

bicuspid

50
Q

What is the aortic vestuble?

A
51
Q

Where is the membraneous part of the interventricualr septum?

A

right below the right and posterior cusps of the aortic vavle

52
Q

what are the semilunar valves?

A

pulmonary and aortic

53
Q

What is the structure of the seminlunar valves?

A

three cusps with nodules

54
Q

What can you note in the aortic sinuses?

A

opening for coronary arteries

55
Q

What is the pace maker of the heart?

A

sinoatrial node, which is at the junction of the superior venacava and the right atrium near the upper end of the sulcus terminalis

56
Q

where is the atrioventricular node?

A

at the right side of the interatrial septum above and in front of the opening for the coronary sinus

57
Q

What is the bundle of HIs?

A

runs below the membraneous part of the interventricular septum, divides into right and left bundle branches

58
Q

What is the right bundle of his like?

A

cord like, connects with the Purkinje fiber network of the right ventricle

59
Q

What is the left bundle of his like?

A

wider than the right one, divides into anterior and posterior fasciculi on the left surface of interventricular septum, connects with purkinje fiber network

60
Q

What do the nerves of the heart do?

A

modify the hearts intrinsic rhythm

61
Q

Where are the cardiac nerves from?

A

vagus ad symathetic chain

62
Q

What are the twp parts of the cardiac plexus?

A

superficial and deep

63
Q

Where is the coronary plexus?

A

on the coronary vessels

64
Q
A

Anatomy (16 decks)

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