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Anatomy > Unit 4 Pectoral Region, Thoracic Wall and Cavity > Flashcards

Unit 4 Pectoral Region, Thoracic Wall and Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Jugular (suprasernal notch)

A

Important thoracic landmark

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2
Q

What is the most frequently borken bone?

A

Clavicle

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3
Q

With what two structues does the clavicle articulate with?

A

Manubrium of the sternum, and acromion process of the scapula

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

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5
Q

sternal angle

A

at junction of manubrium and sternum;

level of second rib, T4 and T5

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6
Q

xiphosternal junction

A

at level of T9

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7
Q

Costal Arch

A
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8
Q

anterior axillary fold

A
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9
Q

Where is the nipple generally located?

A

fourth intercostal space

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10
Q

What is the mid-clavicular line?

A

line midway through clavicle

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11
Q

What does the thoracic wall consist of?

A

sternum, 12 ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

What does the manubrium articulate with?

A

clavicles, first two ribs, and body of sternum

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13
Q

Where does the plane pass at the top of the sternum? What is this called?

A

jugular notch, passes through t2 and t3 posteriorly

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14
Q

Can the first rib normally be palpitated?

A

No

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15
Q

Where does the second rib articulate?

A

articulates at the sternal angle

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16
Q

Describe the sternalclavicular joint.

A

contains a fibrocartilaginous disk, encapsulated from the medial end of the clavicle to the articular surface of the manubrium, contains a interclavicular ligament, contains anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, also contains a costoclavicular ligament

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17
Q

what is the interclavicular ligament?

A

stretches from one clavicle to the other, strengthens the superior surface of the capsule

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18
Q

What is the function of the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments?

A

anterior and posterior surface of the capsule, therefore capsule is
strengthened

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19
Q

What is the function of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

a strong accessory ligament which joins the
clavicle to the first rib

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20
Q

what are the parts of a rib?

A

head, neck, tubercle, shaft, angle, costal cartilage

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21
Q

What is the head of a rib?

A

articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebrae

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22
Q

what is the tubercle of the rib?

A

part that articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae

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23
Q

Where does the angle of the rib lie in the thoracic cavity?

A

most posterior portion of the cavity

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24
Q

what is another name for the first 7 ribs?

A

true ribs

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25
Q

what are the remaining 5 ribs called?

A

false ribs

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26
Q

What are the criteria for a typical rib? Which ribs are typical?

A

they have an angle, the have a groove at their lower border containing the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve, they do not run horizontally they slope inferiorly from posterior to anterior…ribs 3-7 are considered typical

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27
Q

What does rib one articulate with posteriorly?

A

TV1

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28
Q

What does rib 2 articulate with posteriorly?

A

TV1 and TV2

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29
Q

What is the costal margin composed of?

A

costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

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30
Q

What do ribs 8,9, and 10 articulate with through their costal cartilages?

A

the rib above

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31
Q

What do ribs 11 and 12 articulate with anteriorly?

A

nothing

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32
Q

Which are the floating ribs?

A

11 and 12

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33
Q

What part of TV1 does the first rib articulate with posteriorly?

A

the upper portion of the body close to the pedicle

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34
Q

What does the head of the second rib articulate with?

A

lower part of TV1, disk between, upper part of TV2

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35
Q

What does the tubercle of the second rib articulate with?

A

transverse process of TV2

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36
Q

Where does the breast extend from?

A

second to 6h or 7th rib

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37
Q

what are the three nipple shapes?

A

inverted, flat, project outward

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38
Q

how many ducts are generally present on the nipple?

A

15-25

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39
Q

what is polythelia?

A

extra nipples

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40
Q

what is polymastia?

A

extra breast tissue

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41
Q

What is the areola?

A

pigmented area around the breast tissue which contains sebacceous glands

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42
Q

What is the connective tiisue that suspend the lobules of the breast?

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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43
Q

What is the dilation of the lactiferous duct?

A

lactiferous sinus

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44
Q

What provides the blood supply for the breasts?

A
  1. anterior perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery
  2. perforating branches from intercostal arteries
  3. pectoral branches from thoracoacromial trunk
    4 lateral thoracic branch of the axillary artery
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45
Q

Where does lymph from the breasts drain?

A
  1. about 3/4 of lymphatic drainage to the axillary nodes
  2. medially to internal thoracic nodes or to opposite breast
  3. down to abdomen and subperitoneal lymphatics
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46
Q

What are the three muscles of the pectoral region?

A

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius

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47
Q

what is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A

medial part of the clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of 2-5, and upper rectus sheath

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48
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

greater tubercular crest of humerus

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49
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

adduction, medial rotation, flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint

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50
Q

what provides the innervation for the pectoralis major?

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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51
Q

what provides the blood supply for the pectoralis major muscle?

A

thoracoacromial trunk, lateral thoracic artery, perforating intercostal branches, anterior perforating branches of internal thoracic artery

52
Q

where is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

ribs 2-4 or 3-5

53
Q

where is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

coracoid process of scapula

54
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

protracts and depresses shoulder

55
Q

what innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

56
Q

Where is the origin of the subclavian muscle?

A

from junction of the first rib with cartilage

57
Q

Where does the subclavian muscle insert?

A

inferior surface of the calvicle

58
Q

What is the action of the subclavian muscle?

A

depresses clavicle

59
Q

what innervates the subclavian muscle?

A

upper third of the brachial plexus

60
Q

what clothes the pectoralis major?

A

pectoral fascia

61
Q

what surrounds both the subclavius and pectoralis minor?

A

clavipectoral fascia

62
Q

what is the portion of the clavipectoral fascia from the clavicle to the upperborder of the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

costocoracoid membrane

63
Q

What is the thickened part of the costacoracoid membrane from the first rib to the coracoid process called?

A

costacoracoid ligament

64
Q

What is the portion of the clavipectoral fascia from the lower border of the pectoralis minor to the axillary fascia called?

A

suspensory ligament of the axilla

65
Q

Where doe sthe external intercostal muscle arrise from?

A

lower border of rib above

66
Q

where does the external intercostal muscle insert?

A

upper border of the rib below

67
Q

what is the action of the external intercosal muscle?

A

stabilizes rib and aids in inspiration

68
Q

what is the anterior intercostal muscle membrane considered to be a part of?

A

continuation of the epimysium

69
Q

where does the internal intercostal muscle arrise from? Where does it insert?

A

arrises from the upper border of the rib below and inserts on the lower border of the rib above

70
Q

what is the action of the internal intercostal muscle, and what does it end in?

A

expiration, ends in the postierior intercostal membrane

71
Q

What is the innermost intercostal muscle?

A

the internal intercostal muscle

72
Q

Where do the intercostal nerves exit from?

A

intervertebral foramina

73
Q

What are the intercostals derived from?

A

anterior primary ramus

74
Q

What does the anterior primary ramus of T1 contribute to?

A

brachial plexus

75
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous branch of the anterior primary ramus of T2 become?

A

intercostobrachial nerve

76
Q

Which intercostal nerves are typical?

A

T3-11

77
Q

Where do the first and second intercostal spaces recieve there blood supply from?

A

highest intercostal branch of the costalcervical trunk of the subclavian artery.

78
Q

Where do the remaining intercostal spaces receive blood from?

A

aorta

79
Q

Where do the first 5 intercostal spaces receive blood from anteriorly?

A

internal thoracic branch of the subclavian artery

80
Q

what accomanies the posterior and anterior intercostal arteries?

A

psoterior and anterior intercostal veins

81
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperature bounded by?

A

first pair of thoracic vertebrae, first pair of ribs, top of sternum

82
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperature bounded by?

A

12 TV, 12th ribs, anterior extremities of 11th and 12th, costal cartilages of 7, 8, 9, 10, xiphoid process

83
Q

What are the lungs enclosed in?

A

pleura

84
Q

What is the thick partition of tissue between the lungs called?

A

the mediastinum

85
Q

What makes up the mediastinum?

A

thymus, heart and pericardium, great vessels, trachea and primary bronchi, esophagus, nerves and lymphatics

86
Q

What is the inner layer of lung pleura called?

A

visceral pleura

87
Q

What is the outer layer of lung pleura called?

A

parietal pleura

88
Q

What are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura?

A

costal, diaphramic, cervical, mediastinal

89
Q

what is the costomedial reflection of the parietal pleura?

A

junction of costal and mediastinal portions

90
Q

what does the costamedial reflection contain?

A

costomedial recess

91
Q

What is contained within the costodiaphramatic reflection?

A

The costodiaphragmatic recess

92
Q

what do the reflections do at rib 6?

A

they diverge laterally to become the costodiaphragmatic reflections

93
Q

Are the parietal and visceral pleura continuous at the root of the lung and pulmonary ligament?

A

yes

94
Q

What innervates the parietal pleura?

A

intercostal nerves and phrenic nerves

95
Q

What are the borders of the mediastinum?

A

superior thoracic aperature, diaphram, sternum, vertebral column, between mediastinal pleura

96
Q

What divides the mediastinum into the superior and inferior portions?

A

horizontal plane extending through the sternal angle

97
Q

What are the divisions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

anterior middle posterior

98
Q

What is contained in the middle inferior mediastinum?

A

heart and pericardial sac

99
Q

What is found in the superior mediastinum?

A

thymus, brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, aprtic arch, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, phrenic nerves, vagus nerves, phrenic nerves

100
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic veins?

A

confluence of subclavian and internal jugular

101
Q

What is the orientation of the right brachiocephalic?

A

vertical

102
Q

What is the orientation of the left brachiocephalic?

A

oblique

103
Q

what continues the vertical course of the right brachiocephalic vein?

A

superior vena cava

104
Q

What connects the inferior surface of the aortic arch to the beginning of the left pulmonary artery?

A

ligamentum arteriosus

105
Q

what is the first branch of the aortic arch?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

106
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk ascend?

A

in front of the trachea to the right

107
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

A

right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

108
Q

What else arrises independently from the arch?

A

left common carotid and left subclavian

109
Q

What is behind the great vessels?

A

trachea

110
Q

What is the most posterior structure?

A

esophagus

111
Q

What lies on the left side of the esophagus?

A

the thoracic duct

112
Q

What passes anteriorly to both subclavian arteries and the root of the lung?

A

the phrenic nerves

113
Q

What runs on the lateral sideof the great veins?

A

right phrenic nerve

114
Q

What runs antero-lateral to the left common carotid?

A

the left phrenic nerve

115
Q

What pass anterior to the subclavian arteries?

A

vagus nerves

116
Q

Which nerve is lateral to the trachea?

A

right vagus

117
Q

What passes under the right subclavian artery and ascends the larynx?

A

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

118
Q

What runs between the left common carotid and subclavian?

A

left vagus nerve

119
Q

What passes underneath the aortic arch immediately to the left of the ligamentum arteriosus?

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

120
Q

Which nerves decend the cervical sympathetic trunk to reach the cardiac plexuses around the aortic arch?

A

cardiac nerves

121
Q

What is found in the anterior mediastinum?

A

fat, connective tissue, lowest extension of the thymus and some lymph nodes

122
Q

what does the parietal pericardium consist of?

A

fibrous outer layer, inner serous layer

123
Q

What does the pericardium fuse to?

A

diaphram

124
Q

What is between the visceral and parietal layers of pericardium?

A

the pericardial cavity

125
Q

What is the visceral layer of serous membrane that covers the heart?

A

epicardium or visceral pericardieum

126
Q

What space is posterior to the acending aorta and pumonary trunk and anterior to the superior vena cava?

A

transverse pericardial sinus

127
Q

What space is a blind recess on the posterior aspect of the heart?

A

oblique pericardial sinus

Anatomy (16 decks)

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