Unit Two - The Classical Era Flashcards
1
Q
impacts of city-building and agriculture
A
deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, silted rivers
2
Q
aqueduct
A
an artificial channel used to convey water
3
Q
qanat
A
an underground tunnel used to carry water from a hill to a nearby village
4
Q
“floating islands”
A
floating masses of aquatic plants and mud
5
Q
early epidemics
A
smallpox, measles, bubonic plague
6
Q
Mediterranean architecture
A
columns, domes, Parthenon, Pantheon
7
Q
Confucianism
A
- Chinese philosophy
- founded by Kong Fuzi
- filial piety
- 5 key relationships
8
Q
Legalism
A
- harsh system of the Qin dynasty
- Han Fei (scholar)
- promoted by Qin Shihuangdi
9
Q
Daosim
A
- Chinese philosophy founded by Laozi
- promoted “returning to nature”
- universe is governed by dao (the “way” or “path”)
10
Q
Chinese architecture
A
Great Wall, grid layout, pagodas
11
Q
Great Wall of China
A
- protected from northern nomads
* world’s largest grave
12
Q
Hindusim
A
- emerged from Vedism
- no known founder
- Upanishads/Vedas
- caste system
- karma, dharma, reincarnation
13
Q
Christianity
A
- monotheistic
- based on teachings of Jesus
- holy text = The Bible
14
Q
Buddhism
A
- founded by Siddhartha Gautama
- philosophy
- focus on achieving enlightenment
- Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Five Moral Rules
15
Q
dhow
A
an Arabic sailing vessel with lateen sails
16
Q
syncreticism
A
mixing elements of multiple religions
17
Q
Greco-Roman philosophy
A
- famous philosophers - Socrates, Pericles, Aristotle
* some polytheism (Greek and Roman gods)
18
Q
Hellenistic Empire
A
empire of Alexander the Great’s conquered lands
19
Q
Roman Empire
A
large empire that came to include all of the Mediterranean at its height
20
Q
democracy
A
a system of government in which power is given to the people
21
Q
republic
A
a system of government in which power is given to individuals of the general population
22
Q
Persian Empire
A
Middle-Eastern empire
23
Q
Darius the Great
A
ruler of the Persian Empire at its peak
24
Q
Cyrus the Great
A
founder of the Persian Empire
25
Alexander the Great
Greek king who came to conquer many lands and form the Hellenistic Empire
26
Xiongnu
frontier nomads outside of China
27
satraps
provisional governors of the Persian Empire
28
Qin dynasty
* third Chinese dynasty
* imperial conquest
* Legalism
* Great Wall
29
Han dynasty
* fourth Chinese dynasty
* Confucianism
* Han Wudi
30
Period of Warring States
Chinese era of political disunity following the fall of the Zhou dynasty
31
civil service examinations
Chinese system of choosing members of its bureaucracy
32
China's tributary system
system for managing foreign relations
33
Mauryan Empire
* Indian empire
| * Ashoka - converted to Buddhism and so did many others
34
Gupta Empire
decentralized imperial experiment in India following the collapse of the Mauryan Empire
35
Silk Road
popular trade network that connected Eurasia
36
trans-Saharan trade
caravan routes through the Sahara Desert
37
Indian Ocean trade
trade across the Indian Ocean
38
Mediterranean trade
trade throughout the Mediterranean Sea
39
new economic systems
standard currencies, weights, measures
40
mit'a
mandatory public service in the Inca Empire
41
corvée
unpaid labor imposed on the lower classes
42
plebians vs. patricians
* plebians = lower class of Ancient Rome
| * patricians = upper class of Ancient Rome
43
diaspora communities
large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved out to places all over the world
44
sati
Indian practice of a wife jumping onto her husband's funeral pyre
45
serfdom
the status of peasants under feudalism
46
Shintoism
ancient religion of Japan
47
Law of Manu
Hindu text justifying the caste system
48
Theravada Buddhism
older branch; emphasizes simplicity and Buddha's actual teachings
49
Mahayana Buddhism
newer branch; involves more ritual and symbology
50
The Analects
teachings of Confucius; compiled by his followers after his death
51
Constantine
legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire and ended persecution of Christians
52
Pillars of Ashoka
walls and towers in Pataliputra inscribed with Buddhist teachings
53
Punic Wars
wars between Rome and Carthage
54
Peloponnesian War
war between Athens and Sparta
55
pax Romana
Roman peace
56
Moche
Andean civilization
57
llama
principle pack animal of the Andes
58
galley
oared ship used in the Mediterranean
59
monsoon winds
seasonal winds that influenced Indian Ocean trade
60
Ghana
one of the first organized states in sub-Saharan Africa
61
Chang'an
China's chief economic city in the Classical Era
62
junk
Chinese cargo ship
63
Caesar Augustus
first emperor of the Roman Empire
64
Qin Shihuangdi
first Chinese emperor
65
Ban Zhao
author of Lessons for Women
66
Vedas
large body of ancient texts from India
67
Upanishads
Hindu texts containing basic principles of the religion
68
Bhagavad Gita
700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata
69
yin and yang
* yin = female (darkness)
| * yang = male (brightness)
70
Wang Mang
Chinese official who attempted unsuccessful land reforms
71
scholar-gentry
Chinese class of wealthy, educated officials
72
Yellow Turban Rebellion
Chinese peasant uprising
73
varna
four broad ranks of Hindu society (excluding untouchables)
74
jati
sub-castes or groups in the Indian caste system that are based on occupation
75
Spartacus
Roman gladiator who led a massive slave uprising
76
three obidiences
a Confucian set of moral principles for women
77
Empress Wu
only woman to rule China in her own name; expanded the empire and supported Buddhism
78
Aspasia
concubine to Pericles; had influence over his decisions
79
helots
serfs in ancient Sparta
80
Meroe
wealthy Nile Valley civilization
81
Axum
Christian kingdom in Ethiopia
82
Niger Valley civilization
a stateless civilization in the Niger Valley
83
Maya civilization
classical civilization of Mesoamerica
84
Cahokia
center of the mound-building peoples of North America
85
hoplite
a Greek citizen-soldier
