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WHAP > Unit Two - The Classical Era > Flashcards

Unit Two - The Classical Era Flashcards

1
Q

impacts of city-building and agriculture

A

deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, silted rivers

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2
Q

aqueduct

A

an artificial channel used to convey water

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3
Q

qanat

A

an underground tunnel used to carry water from a hill to a nearby village

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4
Q

“floating islands”

A

floating masses of aquatic plants and mud

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5
Q

early epidemics

A

smallpox, measles, bubonic plague

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6
Q

Mediterranean architecture

A

columns, domes, Parthenon, Pantheon

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7
Q

Confucianism

A
  • Chinese philosophy
  • founded by Kong Fuzi
  • filial piety
  • 5 key relationships
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8
Q

Legalism

A
  • harsh system of the Qin dynasty
  • Han Fei (scholar)
  • promoted by Qin Shihuangdi
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9
Q

Daosim

A
  • Chinese philosophy founded by Laozi
  • promoted “returning to nature”
  • universe is governed by dao (the “way” or “path”)
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10
Q

Chinese architecture

A

Great Wall, grid layout, pagodas

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11
Q

Great Wall of China

A
  • protected from northern nomads

* world’s largest grave

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12
Q

Hindusim

A
  • emerged from Vedism
  • no known founder
  • Upanishads/Vedas
  • caste system
  • karma, dharma, reincarnation
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13
Q

Christianity

A
  • monotheistic
  • based on teachings of Jesus
  • holy text = The Bible
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14
Q

Buddhism

A
  • founded by Siddhartha Gautama
  • philosophy
  • focus on achieving enlightenment
  • Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Five Moral Rules
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15
Q

dhow

A

an Arabic sailing vessel with lateen sails

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16
Q

syncreticism

A

mixing elements of multiple religions

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17
Q

Greco-Roman philosophy

A
  • famous philosophers - Socrates, Pericles, Aristotle

* some polytheism (Greek and Roman gods)

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18
Q

Hellenistic Empire

A

empire of Alexander the Great’s conquered lands

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19
Q

Roman Empire

A

large empire that came to include all of the Mediterranean at its height

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20
Q

democracy

A

a system of government in which power is given to the people

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21
Q

republic

A

a system of government in which power is given to individuals of the general population

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22
Q

Persian Empire

A

Middle-Eastern empire

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23
Q

Darius the Great

A

ruler of the Persian Empire at its peak

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24
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

founder of the Persian Empire

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25
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Greek king who came to conquer many lands and form the Hellenistic Empire

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26
Q

Xiongnu

A

frontier nomads outside of China

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27
Q

satraps

A

provisional governors of the Persian Empire

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28
Q

Qin dynasty

A
  • third Chinese dynasty
  • imperial conquest
  • Legalism
  • Great Wall
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29
Q

Han dynasty

A
  • fourth Chinese dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Han Wudi
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30
Q

Period of Warring States

A

Chinese era of political disunity following the fall of the Zhou dynasty

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31
Q

civil service examinations

A

Chinese system of choosing members of its bureaucracy

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32
Q

China’s tributary system

A

system for managing foreign relations

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33
Q

Mauryan Empire

A
  • Indian empire

* Ashoka - converted to Buddhism and so did many others

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34
Q

Gupta Empire

A

decentralized imperial experiment in India following the collapse of the Mauryan Empire

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35
Q

Silk Road

A

popular trade network that connected Eurasia

36
Q

trans-Saharan trade

A

caravan routes through the Sahara Desert

37
Q

Indian Ocean trade

A

trade across the Indian Ocean

38
Q

Mediterranean trade

A

trade throughout the Mediterranean Sea

39
Q

new economic systems

A

standard currencies, weights, measures

40
Q

mit’a

A

mandatory public service in the Inca Empire

41
Q

corvée

A

unpaid labor imposed on the lower classes

42
Q

plebians vs. patricians

A
  • plebians = lower class of Ancient Rome

* patricians = upper class of Ancient Rome

43
Q

diaspora communities

A

large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved out to places all over the world

44
Q

sati

A

Indian practice of a wife jumping onto her husband’s funeral pyre

45
Q

serfdom

A

the status of peasants under feudalism

46
Q

Shintoism

A

ancient religion of Japan

47
Q

Law of Manu

A

Hindu text justifying the caste system

48
Q

Theravada Buddhism

A

older branch; emphasizes simplicity and Buddha’s actual teachings

49
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

newer branch; involves more ritual and symbology

50
Q

The Analects

A

teachings of Confucius; compiled by his followers after his death

51
Q

Constantine

A

legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire and ended persecution of Christians

52
Q

Pillars of Ashoka

A

walls and towers in Pataliputra inscribed with Buddhist teachings

53
Q

Punic Wars

A

wars between Rome and Carthage

54
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

war between Athens and Sparta

55
Q

pax Romana

A

Roman peace

56
Q

Moche

A

Andean civilization

57
Q

llama

A

principle pack animal of the Andes

58
Q

galley

A

oared ship used in the Mediterranean

59
Q

monsoon winds

A

seasonal winds that influenced Indian Ocean trade

60
Q

Ghana

A

one of the first organized states in sub-Saharan Africa

61
Q

Chang’an

A

China’s chief economic city in the Classical Era

62
Q

junk

A

Chinese cargo ship

63
Q

Caesar Augustus

A

first emperor of the Roman Empire

64
Q

Qin Shihuangdi

A

first Chinese emperor

65
Q

Ban Zhao

A

author of Lessons for Women

66
Q

Vedas

A

large body of ancient texts from India

67
Q

Upanishads

A

Hindu texts containing basic principles of the religion

68
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata

69
Q

yin and yang

A
  • yin = female (darkness)

* yang = male (brightness)

70
Q

Wang Mang

A

Chinese official who attempted unsuccessful land reforms

71
Q

scholar-gentry

A

Chinese class of wealthy, educated officials

72
Q

Yellow Turban Rebellion

A

Chinese peasant uprising

73
Q

varna

A

four broad ranks of Hindu society (excluding untouchables)

74
Q

jati

A

sub-castes or groups in the Indian caste system that are based on occupation

75
Q

Spartacus

A

Roman gladiator who led a massive slave uprising

76
Q

three obidiences

A

a Confucian set of moral principles for women

77
Q

Empress Wu

A

only woman to rule China in her own name; expanded the empire and supported Buddhism

78
Q

Aspasia

A

concubine to Pericles; had influence over his decisions

79
Q

helots

A

serfs in ancient Sparta

80
Q

Meroe

A

wealthy Nile Valley civilization

81
Q

Axum

A

Christian kingdom in Ethiopia

82
Q

Niger Valley civilization

A

a stateless civilization in the Niger Valley

83
Q

Maya civilization

A

classical civilization of Mesoamerica

84
Q

Cahokia

A

center of the mound-building peoples of North America

85
Q

hoplite

A

a Greek citizen-soldier

WHAP (10 decks)

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