The Americas Flashcards
HEI in the Americas; Foundations Era
*migrations via Bering Strait
Culture in the Americas; Foundations Era
- polytheism
* record-keeping (quipu)
Politics in the Americas; Foundations Era
- Olmec (Central America)
* Chavin (Andes)
Economics in the Americas; Foundations Era
- regional and transregional trade
* domestication of plants and animals
Social Structures in the Americas; Foundations Era
- first cities and villages
* emergence of patriarchy and labor specialization
HEI in the Americas; Classical Era
- hillside terracing
- floating islands
- impacts of city-building and agriculture
Culture in the Americas; Classical Era
- polytheism (human sacrifice)
- ancestor veneration
- Mayan hieroglyphs, calendar, and concept of 0
- quipu
- pyramids
- llamas
Politics in the Americas; Classical Era
- Teotihuacan
- Maya
- Moche
Economics in the Americas; Classical Era
- mit’a labor obligation
* intensive agriculture - corn, potatoes
Social Structures in the Americas; Classical Era
- cities and hierarchies
* allyu clans
HEI in the Americas; Post-Classical Era
- chinampa agriculture
- terrace farming
- waru waru agriculture
Culture in the Americas; Post-Classical Era
- earth mounds in Central America
- pyramids, polytheism, human sacrifice in Mesoamerica
- Temple of the Sun and Machu Picchu
Politics in the Americas; Post-Classical Era
- Mississippian culture
- Cahokia
- city-states of Mesoamerica
- Toltec
- Aztecs; Incas
Economics in the Americas; Post-Classical Era
- pastoralism
* mit’a labor system
Social Structures in the Americas; Post-Classical Era
- labor systems (mit’a)
* clan system
HEI in the Americas; Age of Exploration
- arrival of horses, pigs, cattle
- arrival of sugarcane, cotton, okra, rice, coffee
- smallpox, measles, influenza
- plantations
- silver mining
Culture in the Americas; Age of Exploration
- religious syncretism (Vodun, Latin American cult of saints)
- creole, mestizo, “mixed” traditions
Politics in the Americas; Age of Exploration
- impact of European arrival and colonies
- conquistadors defeat Aztecs and Incas
- piracy in the Caribbean
- joint-stock companies (Hudson’s Bay Company)
Economics in the Americas; Age of Exploration
- piracy in the Caribbean
- plantation and cash-crop agriculture
- reliance on slavery and coerced labor
- sugar, cotton, tobacco, coffee, silver
Social Structures in the Americas; Age of Exploration
- forced labor
- plantations and haciendas
- Atlantic Slave Trade
- indentured servitude
- mixed-race populations
- role of women in European encounters (Malinche, Pocahontas)
HEI in the Americas; Age of Industrialization
- pollution
- resource extraction (cash-crops, mining)
- species extinction
- treatments for malaria
- coal, metals, petroleum, timber, meat, fruit, sugar, coffee, guano
Culture in the Americas; Age of Industrialization
- Enlightenment (founding fathers) and responses
- conservatism vs. liberalism
- capitalism vs. socialism vs. communism
- nationalism
Politics in the Americas; Age of Industrialization
- American Revolution (Jefferson, DOI)
- U.S. expansion
- suppression of Cherokees and other natives
- Haitian Rebellion (Toussaint L’Ouverture)
- Latin American wars of independence (Simon Bolivar)
Economics in the Americas; Age of Industrialization
- Industrial Revolution
- free-market capitalism (U.S.)
- financial instruments (stock exchange)
- middle/working classes
- economic imperialism
- metals, petroleum, guano, fruit, coffee, sugar
Social Structures in the Americas; Age of Industrialization
- class diversification
- reliance on slavery
- migrations from Europe/Asia
- emergence of feminism (Susan B. Anthony; Seneca Falls Convention)
- industrialization and women (domestic sphere)
HEI in the Americas; 1900-present
- vaccinations
- diseases associated with lifestyle (diabetes)
- “dust bowl” crisis
- environmentalism
Culture in the Americas; 1900-present
- mass media
- religious fundamentalism
- Americanization and Westernization of Latin America
Politics in the Americas; 1900-present
- U.S. sphere of influence in Latin America
- Mexican Revolution
- Cold War
- authoritarianism
- Cuban Revolution
Economics in the Americas; 1900-present
- Great Depression
- New Deal
- Bretton Woods system
- globalization
- economic crises (1970s, 2007)
Social Structures in the Americas; 1900-present
- social activism (Jim Crow laws)
- ethnic violence
- feminism (Betty Friedan)
- gay and lesbian rights
