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WHAP > Unit Four - The Age of Exploration > Flashcards

Unit Four - The Age of Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

network of animals, foods, and diseases that were passed between the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia

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2
Q

absolutism

A

a political structure in which a single ruler has absolute power

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3
Q

Louis XIV

A

famed absolute ruler of France; built the Palace of Versailles

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4
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

Portuguese prince who sailed down the coast of West Africa

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5
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Italian explorer who voyaged (for Spain) across the Atlantic Ocean

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6
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

Portuguese explorer who sailed around the bottom of Africa

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7
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Portuguese explorer; led first circumnavigation of the earth

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8
Q

Safavid Empire

A

empire in present-day Iran

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9
Q

gunpowder empires

A

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal - all had military success with gunpowder weapons

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10
Q

Seven Years’ War

A

(aka the French and Indian War) war between the colonies of British America and New France

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11
Q

Ottoman siege of Vienna

A

Ottoman attempt to capture Vienna

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12
Q

Qing dynasty

A
  • tenth Chinese dynasty
  • led by foreign Manchus
  • military success and cultural changes
  • last imperial dynasty
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13
Q

Tokugawa shogunate

A

Japanese ruling dynasty which strove to isolate the region from foreign influences

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14
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Islamic imperial power that ruled India

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15
Q

Akbar the Great

A

Mughal leader famous for his religious tolerance

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16
Q

Sikhism

A

blend of Hinduism and Islam; founded by Guru Nanak

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17
Q

joint-stock companies

A

a trade business that sells shares to individuals; risks and profits are shared

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18
Q

British East India Company

A

English joint-stock company formed to pursue trade with the East Indies

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19
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

chartered company that carried out trade in Asia

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20
Q

conquistador

A

Spanish conqueror of the Americas

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21
Q

Renaissance

A

the “rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture

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22
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English poet and playwright

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23
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

religious reform movement that resulted in the formation of new Christian denominations

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24
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

intellectual movement in Europe that set the foundations for modern science

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25
Q

Versailles

A

royal palace outside of Paris

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26
Q

kabuki theater

A

traditional Japanese drama with dancing and singing

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27
Q

Taj Mahal

A

mausoleum built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife

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28
Q

creole

A

descendants of Europeans in Latin America

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29
Q

mestizo

A

someone of mixed Native American and European descent

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30
Q

Summer Palace

A

Chinese imperial palace

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31
Q

Vodun

A

(voodoo) a syncretic form of Christianity

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32
Q

Santeria

A

a syncretic form of Christianity

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33
Q

mercantilism

A

belief in the benefits of profitable trading

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34
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade

A

trade of peoples from West Africa to the Americas

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35
Q

crops from the Americas

A

sugar, cotton, tobacco, coffee, silver

36
Q

New World

A

the unexplored Americas

37
Q

anti-Semitism

A

hostility or prejudice against Jewish people

38
Q

Middle Passage

A

transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas

39
Q

triangular trade

A

trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

40
Q

Aurangzeb

A

leader of the Mughal Empire at its greatest extent

41
Q

Malinche

A

interpreter for Hernan Cortes during his conquest of the Aztec Empire

42
Q

Pocahontas

A

Native American who saved John Smith, an Englishman, from execution

43
Q

land empire

A

an empire consisting of only land

44
Q

trading-post empire

A

an empire where the imperial power holds control over distant trading posts

45
Q

maritime empire

A

an empire formed by regions that are separated by water

46
Q

sternpost rudder

A

maritime invention that increased maneuverability

47
Q

caravel

A

a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship

48
Q

circumnavigation

A

sailing around the world

49
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Spanish explorer who led the conquest for Aztec Mexico

50
Q

fur trade

A

trade and exchange of furs (especially in Russia/Siberia and the Americas)

51
Q

parliamentarism

A

a government that utilizes a parliament

52
Q

Peter the Great

A

Russian tsar who encouraged Westernization and moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg

53
Q

Henry VIII

A

English king famed for his six marriages

54
Q

Elizabeth I

A

English queen famed for supporting the arts and exploration

55
Q

millet system

A

a system that divided the Ottoman Empire by religion

56
Q

Manchus

A

foreign group who led during the (Manchurian) Qing dynasty

57
Q

heliocentric theory

A

theory that the sun was the center of the solar system rather than the earth

58
Q

printing press

A

an invention that made communication and media much easier

59
Q

lateen sail

A

a triangular sail

60
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

founder of the heliocentric theory

61
Q

Galileo

A

developed modern experimental method; proved heliocentric theory

62
Q

Isaac Newton

A

English mathematician and scientist

63
Q

Martin Luther

A

began the Protestant Reformation by creating the Ninety-Five Theses

64
Q

Catholic Counter-Reformation

A

clarification of Catholic values as a response to the Protestant Reformation

65
Q

piracy

A

the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea

66
Q

yasak

A

Russian fur tax

67
Q

mulatto

A

a person of European and African descent

68
Q

zambo

A

a person of African and Native American descent

69
Q

diseases of the Columbian Exchange

A

smallpox, measles, influenza

70
Q

the great dying

A

death of many indigenous peoples in the Americas by disease

71
Q

peninsulares

A

Spanish-born rulers in Latin America

72
Q

plantation complex

A

environment common to agricultural plantations in the Americas

73
Q

settler colony

A

colony where some (or most) residents migrate from the mother country

74
Q

Philippines

A

a Spanish colony, named after King Philip II

75
Q

Benin

A

African kingdom that avoided involvement in the slave trade

76
Q

Dahomey

A

African kingdom that participated heavily in the slave trade

77
Q

Potosi

A

large silver mining city

78
Q

Taki Onqoy

A

Andean resistance against Spanish rule

79
Q

jesuit

A

member of the Society of Jesus

80
Q

Wahhabi Islam

A

Islamic reform centered around returning to strict Islam

81
Q

Wang Yangmin

A

Neo-Confucian philosopher who questioned the importance of a Confucian education

82
Q

kaozheng

A

“research based on evidence”

83
Q

Mirabai

A

bhakti poet

84
Q

Voltaire

A

Enlightenment thinker who attacked the Church and promoted individual freedoms

85
Q

Locke

A

Enlightenment thinker who promoted inalienable rights

WHAP (10 decks)

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