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WHAP > Unit Four - The Age of Exploration > Flashcards

Unit Four - The Age of Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

network of animals, foods, and diseases that were passed between the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia

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2
Q

absolutism

A

a political structure in which a single ruler has absolute power

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3
Q

Louis XIV

A

famed absolute ruler of France; built the Palace of Versailles

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4
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

Portuguese prince who sailed down the coast of West Africa

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5
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Italian explorer who voyaged (for Spain) across the Atlantic Ocean

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6
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

Portuguese explorer who sailed around the bottom of Africa

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7
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Portuguese explorer; led first circumnavigation of the earth

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8
Q

Safavid Empire

A

empire in present-day Iran

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9
Q

gunpowder empires

A

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal - all had military success with gunpowder weapons

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10
Q

Seven Years’ War

A

(aka the French and Indian War) war between the colonies of British America and New France

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11
Q

Ottoman siege of Vienna

A

Ottoman attempt to capture Vienna

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12
Q

Qing dynasty

A
  • tenth Chinese dynasty
  • led by foreign Manchus
  • military success and cultural changes
  • last imperial dynasty
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13
Q

Tokugawa shogunate

A

Japanese ruling dynasty which strove to isolate the region from foreign influences

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14
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Islamic imperial power that ruled India

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15
Q

Akbar the Great

A

Mughal leader famous for his religious tolerance

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16
Q

Sikhism

A

blend of Hinduism and Islam; founded by Guru Nanak

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17
Q

joint-stock companies

A

a trade business that sells shares to individuals; risks and profits are shared

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18
Q

British East India Company

A

English joint-stock company formed to pursue trade with the East Indies

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19
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

chartered company that carried out trade in Asia

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20
Q

conquistador

A

Spanish conqueror of the Americas

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21
Q

Renaissance

A

the “rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture

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22
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English poet and playwright

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23
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

religious reform movement that resulted in the formation of new Christian denominations

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24
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

intellectual movement in Europe that set the foundations for modern science

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25
Versailles
royal palace outside of Paris
26
kabuki theater
traditional Japanese drama with dancing and singing
27
Taj Mahal
mausoleum built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife
28
creole
descendants of Europeans in Latin America
29
mestizo
someone of mixed Native American and European descent
30
Summer Palace
Chinese imperial palace
31
Vodun
(voodoo) a syncretic form of Christianity
32
Santeria
a syncretic form of Christianity
33
mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading
34
Atlantic Slave Trade
trade of peoples from West Africa to the Americas
35
crops from the Americas
sugar, cotton, tobacco, coffee, silver
36
New World
the unexplored Americas
37
anti-Semitism
hostility or prejudice against Jewish people
38
Middle Passage
transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas
39
triangular trade
trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
40
Aurangzeb
leader of the Mughal Empire at its greatest extent
41
Malinche
interpreter for Hernan Cortes during his conquest of the Aztec Empire
42
Pocahontas
Native American who saved John Smith, an Englishman, from execution
43
land empire
an empire consisting of only land
44
trading-post empire
an empire where the imperial power holds control over distant trading posts
45
maritime empire
an empire formed by regions that are separated by water
46
sternpost rudder
maritime invention that increased maneuverability
47
caravel
a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship
48
circumnavigation
sailing around the world
49
Hernan Cortes
Spanish explorer who led the conquest for Aztec Mexico
50
fur trade
trade and exchange of furs (especially in Russia/Siberia and the Americas)
51
parliamentarism
a government that utilizes a parliament
52
Peter the Great
Russian tsar who encouraged Westernization and moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg
53
Henry VIII
English king famed for his six marriages
54
Elizabeth I
English queen famed for supporting the arts and exploration
55
millet system
a system that divided the Ottoman Empire by religion
56
Manchus
foreign group who led during the (Manchurian) Qing dynasty
57
heliocentric theory
theory that the sun was the center of the solar system rather than the earth
58
printing press
an invention that made communication and media much easier
59
lateen sail
a triangular sail
60
Nicolaus Copernicus
founder of the heliocentric theory
61
Galileo
developed modern experimental method; proved heliocentric theory
62
Isaac Newton
English mathematician and scientist
63
Martin Luther
began the Protestant Reformation by creating the Ninety-Five Theses
64
Catholic Counter-Reformation
clarification of Catholic values as a response to the Protestant Reformation
65
piracy
the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea
66
yasak
Russian fur tax
67
mulatto
a person of European and African descent
68
zambo
a person of African and Native American descent
69
diseases of the Columbian Exchange
smallpox, measles, influenza
70
the great dying
death of many indigenous peoples in the Americas by disease
71
peninsulares
Spanish-born rulers in Latin America
72
plantation complex
environment common to agricultural plantations in the Americas
73
settler colony
colony where some (or most) residents migrate from the mother country
74
Philippines
a Spanish colony, named after King Philip II
75
Benin
African kingdom that avoided involvement in the slave trade
76
Dahomey
African kingdom that participated heavily in the slave trade
77
Potosi
large silver mining city
78
Taki Onqoy
Andean resistance against Spanish rule
79
jesuit
member of the Society of Jesus
80
Wahhabi Islam
Islamic reform centered around returning to strict Islam
81
Wang Yangmin
Neo-Confucian philosopher who questioned the importance of a Confucian education
82
kaozheng
"research based on evidence"
83
Mirabai
bhakti poet
84
Voltaire
Enlightenment thinker who attacked the Church and promoted individual freedoms
85
Locke
Enlightenment thinker who promoted inalienable rights

WHAP (10 decks)

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