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WHAP > Unit Three - The Post-Classical Era > Flashcards

Unit Three - The Post-Classical Era Flashcards

1
Q

Byzantium

A

eastern half of Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire

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2
Q

Constantinople

A

large and wealthy imperial capital of Byzantium

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3
Q

Medina

A

burial place of Muhammad; second holiest Islamic site (after Mecca)

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4
Q

Umayyads

A
  • leaders of first hereditary Muslim caliphate
  • expansion
  • capital of Damascus
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5
Q

Abbasid caliphate

A
  • overthrew Umayyads
  • long caliphate
  • capital in Baghdad
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6
Q

sharia

A

Islamic law

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7
Q

dar al-Islam

A

“house of peace”

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8
Q

Italian city-states

A

independent civilizations on the Italian peninsula that were heavily involved in trade and commerce (ex: Florence, Venice, Milan)

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9
Q

Swahili city-states

A

trading states along the east coast of Africa

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10
Q

Sui dynasty

A
  • fifth Chinese dynasty

* unified the region after years of disunity

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11
Q

Tang dynasty

A
  • sixth Chinese dynasty

* departmental political structure; Confucian values

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12
Q

Song dynasty

A
  • seventh Chinese dynasty

* golden age of culture

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13
Q

Heian regime

A

high era of Japanese culture and imperial court

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14
Q

Crusades

A

a series of military expeditions by Christians aimed to recover holy lands from Muslims

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15
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Islamic state founded after the fall of the Byzantine Empire

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16
Q

Mongols

A

group of pastoralists who united under Genghis Khan to create the largest land empire in history

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17
Q

Mali

A

Muslim trade empire in West Africa

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18
Q

Timbuktu

A

center of trade and Islamic teaching in the Mali civilization

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19
Q

Songhay Empire

A

West African state that replaced the Mali Empire after its fall

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20
Q

Yuan (Mongol) dynasty

A
  • eighth Chinese dynasty

* led by the Mongols under their empire

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21
Q

Ming dynasty

A
  • ninth Chinese dynasty

* led reforms and advancements

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22
Q

Inca Empire

A

largest and most powerful Andean empire

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23
Q

Aztec Empire

A

powerful empire in central Mexico

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24
Q

Genghis Khan

A

founder of the Mongol Empire

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25
Q

pax Mongolica

A

period of peace and stability under the Mongol Empire

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26
Q

gunpowder

A

Chinese formula that was eventually used across the world for weaponry

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27
Q

longboats

A

boats used by the Vikings

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28
Q

Islam

A
  • monotheistic faith
  • founded by Muhammad
  • Five Pillars
  • holy text = Qu’ran
  • holy site = Mecca
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29
Q

Sunni

A

majority Muslim group; believe that the community should choose its leaders

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30
Q

Shia

A

minority Muslim group; believe that leaders should descend from Muhammad

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31
Q

Borobudur

A

Buddhist temple in Java

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32
Q

great schism

A

the split of Christianity between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy

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33
Q

Roman Catholicism

A

the Western branch of Christianity after the great schism

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34
Q

Eastern Orthodoxy

A

the Eastern branch of Christianity after the great schism

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35
Q

scholasticism

A

coined by Thomas Aquinas; popular among medieval Christian thinkers

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36
Q

Arabian Nights

A

Arabic collection of stories during Islam’s golden age

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37
Q

Sufism

A

a mystical branch of Islam

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38
Q

The Tale of Genji

A

Japanese story of love and court life; written by Lady Murasaki

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39
Q

bushido

A

the “way of the warrior” in Japan

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40
Q

samurai

A

warrior class of feudal Japan

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41
Q

humanism

A

philosophy that celebrates being human

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42
Q

Sundiata Keita

A

founder of the Mali Empire

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43
Q

Rumi

A

Islamic poet

44
Q

Zheng He

A

Chinese explorer of the Indian Ocean; supported by Yongle

45
Q

Yongle

A

Ming emperor; sponsor of many projects and Zheng He’s exploration

46
Q

Forbidden City

A

imperial residence in Beijing

47
Q

Machu Picchu

A

Inca site

48
Q

Marco Polo

A

Italian explorer who traveled to Asia

49
Q

Ibn Battuta

A

Muslim scholar and explorer

50
Q

Xuanzang

A

Chinese Buddhist monk

51
Q

Grand Canal

A

canal in China linking the Yellow and Yangzi rivers

52
Q

guild

A

an association of men (rarely women) with a common profession

53
Q

Hanseatic League

A

an alliance of free towns in northern Germany

54
Q

Hangzhou

A

southern terminus of the Grand Canal

55
Q

Malacca

A

Malaysian state; popular in Indian Ocean trade

56
Q

Calicut

A

Indian trade city

57
Q

jizya

A

a tribute/tax paid by non-Muslims

58
Q

urbanization

A

the development of urban areas

59
Q

witch hunts

A

pursuits of people suspected of witchcraft

60
Q

black death

A

a plague that eradicated populations throughout Eurasia

61
Q

Charlemagne

A

founded the Carolingian Empire through conquest

62
Q

Magna Carta

A

English document proclaiming that everyone (including the king) was subject to the law

63
Q

Habsburg family

A

German family who came to control much of Central Europe

64
Q

Reconquista

A

Christian military campaigns to recapture Muslim states

65
Q

Baghdad

A

capital city of the Abbasid caliphate

66
Q

caliph

A

“successor”

67
Q

Canton

A

large port city in China

68
Q

shogun

A

a hereditary military governor in Japan

69
Q

daimyo

A

Japanese feudal lord who commanded samurai

70
Q

Saladin

A

first sultan of Egypt

71
Q

waru waru agriculture

A

Andean agricultural technique

72
Q

astrolabe

A

device used to tell time based on position of the sun and stars

73
Q

compass

A

device used to show direction

74
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

inventor of the printing press

75
Q

Muhammad

A

founder of Islam

76
Q

Qu’ran

A

Islam’s holy book

77
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

shahadah (declaration), salat (prayer), zakat (donation to poor), sawm (fasting), hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

78
Q

griot

A

storyteller in West Africa

79
Q

clergy

A

body of people in charge of religious duties

80
Q

devshirme

A

Ottoman system of taking young men from non-Muslim families and teaching them to serve in the army

81
Q

janissaries

A

slave-soldiers of the devshirme system

82
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

series of campaigns over control of the French throne

83
Q

Wu Zhao

A

empress of China

84
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A

powerful woman in Europe during the High Middle Ages

85
Q

Joan of Arc

A

heroine of France

86
Q

chivalry

A

code of honor and ethics taken by knights

87
Q

Srivijaya

A

Indonesian city-state

88
Q

Silla dynasty

A

kingdom of Korea

89
Q

Trung sisters

A

Vietnamese military leaders who rebelled against China

90
Q

hangul

A

Korean alphabet

91
Q

foot binding

A

the Chinese practice of binding women’s feet in order to shrink them

92
Q

Justinian

A

emperor of the Byzantine Empire

93
Q

caesaropapism

A

the idea of combining secular government with religious power (head of the state is head of the church)

94
Q

Prince Vladimir of Kiev

A

Russian prince who converted to Christianity

95
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

loose federation of German states and principalities

96
Q

umma

A

community of all Muslims

97
Q

hijra

A

Muhammad’s move to Medina

98
Q

ulama

A

Islamic scholars

99
Q

Anatolia

A

region that held the Byzantine and Ottoman empires

100
Q

al-Andalus

A

Muslim Spain

101
Q

madrassa

A

Islamic religious school

102
Q

Igbo

A

ethnic group of Nigeria

103
Q

Iroquois

A

northeast Native American confederacy

104
Q

Mecca

A

Islam’s holy city

105
Q

hajj

A

Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca

WHAP (10 decks)

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