Unit Five - Industrialization and Revolution Flashcards
American Revolution
war aimed to get rid of the British in America and protect the rights of citizens; began with Declaration of Independence
French Revolution
began out of frustration with the absolute monarchy; many stages; ended in Napoleon’s rule
Industrial Revolution
- transformation of economy, environment, and living conditions
- began in England
- steam engines, mechanization of manufacturing, transit, communications
socialism
a system of social organization that advocates giving ownership and control of property to the community as a whole
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution
Napoleonic Wars
a series of wars that were led by Napoleon
Congress of Vienna
meeting of European representatives to reestablish old order after the defeat of Napoleon
women’s suffrage
a movement aimed to give women the right to vote
Tanzimat reforms
an Ottoman reform movement (led by Sultan Abdulmecid I) aimed to restore old Ottoman greatness by implementing factories, modern agriculture and technology, and secular laws/education
Young Ottomans
Ottoman reform movement; supporters believed that Tanzimat reforms weren’t enough so they aimed to modernize and create a constitution/democracy
Young Turks
Ottoman reform movement; aimed to secularize in courts, law codes, and family law as well as modernize in general
Berlin Conference
a European meeting in which European powers decided on rules for colonization in Africa
Belgian Congo
- ruled by Leopold II of Belgium
* rubber production with terrible conditions - severed hands
scramble for Africa
the race among European powers to colonize the most land in Africa
Opium Wars
- wars between Qing and British
* Qing wouldn’t let British import opium into China
unequal treaties
system allowing Western nations to own and conduct business (according to their own rules) in certain areas of China
Self-Strengthening Movement
- Chinese movement aimed to reinvigorate traditional Chinese systems
- led by government
- to fix exam systems, modernize shipyards, fix textile factories
Taiping Rebellion
Chinese movement to restore China to its idealized past by industrializing and eliminating harmful practices (opium, foot binding, prostitution)
Boxer Rebellion
- Chinese movement aimed to expel all foreigners from China
- led by Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
- tried to kill all foreigners at once (failed)
Matthew Perry
U.S. commodore; opened Japan to Western trade
Meiji Restoration
movement where a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism
Russo-Japanese War
war between Russia and Japan (Japan wins)
Sepoy Rebellion
revolt of Indian soldiers against British due to anger that violated certain religious practices - cartridges
Thomas Jefferson
principal author of the Declaration of Independence