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WHAP > Unit Five - Industrialization and Revolution > Flashcards

Unit Five - Industrialization and Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

American Revolution

A

war aimed to get rid of the British in America and protect the rights of citizens; began with Declaration of Independence

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2
Q

French Revolution

A

began out of frustration with the absolute monarchy; many stages; ended in Napoleon’s rule

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3
Q

Industrial Revolution

A
  • transformation of economy, environment, and living conditions
  • began in England
  • steam engines, mechanization of manufacturing, transit, communications
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4
Q

socialism

A

a system of social organization that advocates giving ownership and control of property to the community as a whole

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5
Q

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

A

statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution

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6
Q

Napoleonic Wars

A

a series of wars that were led by Napoleon

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7
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

meeting of European representatives to reestablish old order after the defeat of Napoleon

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8
Q

women’s suffrage

A

a movement aimed to give women the right to vote

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9
Q

Tanzimat reforms

A

an Ottoman reform movement (led by Sultan Abdulmecid I) aimed to restore old Ottoman greatness by implementing factories, modern agriculture and technology, and secular laws/education

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10
Q

Young Ottomans

A

Ottoman reform movement; supporters believed that Tanzimat reforms weren’t enough so they aimed to modernize and create a constitution/democracy

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11
Q

Young Turks

A

Ottoman reform movement; aimed to secularize in courts, law codes, and family law as well as modernize in general

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12
Q

Berlin Conference

A

a European meeting in which European powers decided on rules for colonization in Africa

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13
Q

Belgian Congo

A
  • ruled by Leopold II of Belgium

* rubber production with terrible conditions - severed hands

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14
Q

scramble for Africa

A

the race among European powers to colonize the most land in Africa

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15
Q

Opium Wars

A
  • wars between Qing and British

* Qing wouldn’t let British import opium into China

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16
Q

unequal treaties

A

system allowing Western nations to own and conduct business (according to their own rules) in certain areas of China

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17
Q

Self-Strengthening Movement

A
  • Chinese movement aimed to reinvigorate traditional Chinese systems
  • led by government
  • to fix exam systems, modernize shipyards, fix textile factories
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18
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

Chinese movement to restore China to its idealized past by industrializing and eliminating harmful practices (opium, foot binding, prostitution)

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19
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A
  • Chinese movement aimed to expel all foreigners from China
  • led by Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
  • tried to kill all foreigners at once (failed)
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20
Q

Matthew Perry

A

U.S. commodore; opened Japan to Western trade

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21
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

movement where a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism

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22
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

war between Russia and Japan (Japan wins)

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23
Q

Sepoy Rebellion

A

revolt of Indian soldiers against British due to anger that violated certain religious practices - cartridges

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24
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

principal author of the Declaration of Independence

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25
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

American document declaring independence from Britain

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26
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

French territory in the central U.S. that was acquired by America in 1803

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27
Q

“manifest destiny”

A

the American attitude that the U.S. should stretch from the Pacific to the Atlantic

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28
Q

Trail of Tears

A

the path of Cherokees as they migrated under the Indian Removal Policy

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29
Q

U.S. Civil War

A

war between the northern and southern U.S. over the rights of states and slavery

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30
Q

Haitian Revolution

A

only successful slave revolt in history

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31
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

leader of the Haitian Revolution

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32
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

military leader in South America’s struggle for independence

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33
Q

caudillos

A

creole military dictators

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34
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere

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35
Q

white man’s burden

A

coined by Rudyard Kipling - idea that whites, being “superior”, were responsible for “civilizing” other places in the world

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36
Q

Social Darwinism

A

application of evolutionary ideas to human cities, therefore justifying imperialism

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37
Q

Montesquieu

A

Enlightenment thinker who advocated separation of powers

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38
Q

Rousseau

A

Enlightenment thinker who outlined the role of government

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39
Q

romanticism

A

anti-Enlightenment artistic movement - focused on expression and emotions

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40
Q

realism

A

anti-romanticism artistic movement - sought to portray truth

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41
Q

conservatism

A

philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of the culture

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42
Q

liberalism

A

worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality

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43
Q

capitalism

A

privatized, individual-based trade and industry

44
Q

Adam Smith

A

Enlightenment thinker who outlined the principles of modern economics

45
Q

communism

A

a politcal structure characterized by a classless and stateless society

46
Q

Karl Marx

A

wrote the Communist Manifesto, which outlined the basic principles of communism

47
Q

Charles Darwin

A

developed the theory of evolution

48
Q

nationalism

A

pride in and extreme loyalty to one’s nation

49
Q

Albert Einstein

A

father of modern quantum physics

50
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

father of psychoanalysis

51
Q

Dream of the Red Chamber

A

famous work of Chinese literature

52
Q

literacy

A

the ability to read and write

53
Q

Enlightenment

A

philosophical movement that focused on human reasoning, natural science, and political/ethical philosophy

54
Q

middle class

A

large social group between the upper and working classes

55
Q

Irish potato famine

A

caused many Irish to migrate because of starvation risks

56
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

early feminist; author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women

57
Q

domestic sphere

A

the perceived sphere of women during the Industrial Revolution (care of the home and family)

58
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

driving force of the women’s suffrage movent

59
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

the first women’s rights convention

60
Q

industrial-era diseases

A

cholera, tuberculosis

61
Q

Panama Canal

A

ship canal cut across Panama by the United States

62
Q

Erie Canal

A

ship canal in New York

63
Q

industrialization

A

the process of becoming industrialized

64
Q

Latin American Wars of Independence

A

wave of independence movements following the American and French revolutions

65
Q

Louis XVI

A

king of France at the commencement of the French Revolution (executed during by guillotine)

66
Q

Estates General

A

assembly representing the “whole” of the French population in three groups - clergy, nobles, everyone else

67
Q

storming of the Bastille

A

raid of the Bastille by the third estate for weapons and ammunition

68
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A

created by the French National Assembly to give rights to all (except women)

69
Q

Maximilien Robespierre

A

important figure during the Reign of Terror - execution ended the era

70
Q

Committee of Public Saftey

A

group during the French Revolution whose rule initiated the Reign of Terror

71
Q

Reign of Terror

A

period during the French Revolution characterized by thousands of executions and imprisonments

72
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Corsican noble who came to be elected emperor of France (after the revolution)

73
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

(Civil Code) claims that all men are equal, education and jobs are based on merit, private property is protected

74
Q

Waterloo

A

Napoleon finally loses because everything goes wrong

75
Q

Mexican War of Independence

A

armed conflict resulting in the end of Spain’s rule in Mexico

76
Q

Miguel Hidalgo

A

Mexican priest who led the first stage of Mexico’s struggle for independence

77
Q

Suez Canal

A

ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

78
Q

Communist Manifesto

A

document outlining the principles of communism

79
Q

Abdul Hamid II

A

Ottoman sultan deposed after the Young Turk movement

80
Q

Zanzibar

A

coastal trade town on the coast of East Africa

81
Q

Lin Zexu

A

Chinese scholar who forcefully opposed the opium trade

82
Q

Aborigines

A

original inhabitants of Australia

83
Q

Catherine the Great

A

ruler of Russia who encouraged science, arts, and literature

84
Q

deism

A

Enlightenment philosophy that God created the world but then left it to be governed by natural laws

85
Q

atheism

A

Enlightenment religious affiliation that claimed belief in no gods or deities

86
Q

proletariat

A

working-class people (this term is often associated with Marxism)

87
Q

abolitionism

A

the movement concerned with the elimination of slavery

88
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

leading figure of the early women’s rights movement

89
Q

maternal feminism

A

philosophy that women should have more rights solely for the purpose of them being better wives and mothers

90
Q

steam engine

A

a machine that burns fuel in order to move

91
Q

Russian Revolution of 1905

A

a wave of social and political unrest that spread through the Russian Empire

92
Q

lower middle class

A

the bottom sector of the middle class

93
Q

middle-class values

A

hard work, thrift, honesty

94
Q

progressives

A

advocates of intense social and political change

95
Q

the “sick man of Europe”

A

name for the Ottoman Empire as its power declined and it fell behind other European nations

96
Q

informal empire

A

spheres of influence

97
Q

cash-crop agriculture

A

agriculture based solely on production of crops for export and profit (not self-sustenance)

98
Q

Africanization of Christianity

A

the process of Christianity becoming more syncretic as it spread throughout Africa and mixed with local tradtions

99
Q

Swami Vivekananda

A

famous Hindu monk

100
Q

Edward Blyden

A

father of pan-Africanism

101
Q

Cixi

A

dowager empress who supported the Boxer Rebellion

102
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A
  • second wave of industrialization
  • 1860s
  • steel, chemicals, electricity
103
Q

Treaty of Nanjing

A

the creation of unequal treaties between the U.S. and China

104
Q

Crimean War

A

war between Russia and Europe; fought on the Crimean peninsula

105
Q

Hong Xiuquan

A

leader of the Taiping Rebellion

106
Q

National Assembly

A

French revolutionary assembly formed by members of the third estate

107
Q

Marxism

A

philosophies of Karl Marx (similar to communism)

WHAP (10 decks)

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