Unit One Test Flashcards
0
Q
What is a registered dietitian?
A
A professional that has to have a minimum of a bachelors degree in nutrition or food sciences.
1
Q
What does nutrition study?
A
How food nourishes the body and influences health.
Involve multiple stages of digestion.
2
Q
List the six essential nutrients.
A
- carbohydrates
- Fats and lipids
- proteins
- water
- Vitamins
- minerals
3
Q
What does proteins contain that carbohydrates and fats don’t?
A
Nitrogen
4
Q
What do proteins carbohydrates and fats all have in common?
A
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
5
Q
Why is alcohol not a nutrient?
A
It is not necessary for our body to function.
6
Q
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
A
C & B
7
Q
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A
A D E & K
8
Q
What does DRI stand for?
A
Dietary reference intake
9
Q
What does EAR stand for?
A
Estimated average requirement
10
Q
What does RDA stand for?
A
Recommended dietary allowance.
11
Q
What does AI stand for?
A
Adequate intake.
12
Q
What does UL stand for?
A
Tolerable upper level intake.
13
Q
What does EER stand for?
A
Estimated energy requirement.
14
Q
What does AMDR stand for?
A
Acceptable macronutrient distribution range.
15
Q
What is the AMDR percentage for the macronutrient protein?
A
10 to 35%
16
Q
What is the AMDR recommended percentage for fat/lipid?
A
20 to 35%
17
Q
What is the AMDR recommended percentage for carbohydrates?
A
45 to 65%
18
Q
What are covert symptoms?
A
Hidden symptoms.
19
Q
What are over symptoms?
A
Obvious symptoms.
20
Q
What are the four characteristics of a healthy diet?
A
- Adequate
- moderate
- balance
- diverse
21
Q
What are the four tools dietitians often used to assess dietary intake?
A
- Diet history
- 24 hour diet recall
- food frequency questionnaire
- diet records
22
Q
What are the five components FDA requires on all labels?
A
- A statement of identity
- net contents of the package
- ingredients list
- Manufactures name and address
- nutrition info
23
Q
What is a high % DV?
A
> or = 20%
24
What is a low % DV?
< or = to 5%.
25
What is the minimum recommended daily amount of physical activity according to the dietary guidelines for Americans?
30 minutes daily moderate exercise most days of the week to maintain weight.
60 to 90 minutes on most days to promote weight loss.
26
Where can saturated fats be found?
Dairy products
coconut oil
palm oil
27
Where can unsaturated fats be found?
Olive oil
salmon
almonds
peanut butter
28
Name three tools that can be used to define a healthful diet?
Food labels
2010 dietary guidelines for Americans
USTC food patterns my plate
29
What are the food groups represented in my plate?
```
Fruits
vegetables
proteins
grains
dairy
```
30
What does my plate focus on?
1/2 the plate veggies
Barry your veggies
Focus on fruits
Make at least half your grains whole grains
31
List for body composition assessment tools.
Underwater weighing
skin fold measurements
dual energy x-ray of absorptiometry
Bod pod
32
What does BM I stand for?
Body mass index.
33
What is BMI?
Express the ratio of a persons weight to the swear of his or her height. Weight (kg)/ height (m)2
34
Who regulates food labels?
FDA.
35
What is a normal BMI?
18.2-25 kg/m2
36
What is the range for BMI values that have increased health risks?
Above 30 or below 18.5.
37
What is the waist circumference of abdominal fat that causes risk for chronic disease in men and women?
Men- >0.90
Women- >0.80
38
How many excess kilocalories will result in a weight gain of 1 pound?
3,500.
39
What does BMR stand for and what is it?
Basal metabolic rate
Energy expended to maintain resting functions of the body such as sleep and living.
40
What is the primary determinant of BMR?
The amount of lean body mass
| muscle
41
What does TES stand for?
What is it?
What percentage of it is our energy expenditure?
Thermic effect of food
It is calories burned from eating
It is 5 to 10% of our total energy expenditure
42
What is satiety?
To feel full.
43
What does leptin do?
Acts to reduce food intake
Produced by body fat
44
What does Gralin do?
Stimulates appetite
Produced in the stomach
(My stomachs growling)
45
What does peptide YY (PYY) do?
Decreases appetite
Produced in intestine
46
What factors increase satiety?
Hormones- Serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK)
blood glucose levels after meals
stomach expansion
nutrient absorption from the small intestines
47
What is the BMI of an underweight person?
< 18.5 kg/m2
48
what is the BMI of an overweight person?
> 25-29.9 kg/m2
49
What is the BMI for someone who is morbidly obese?
> 30- 39.9 kg/m2
> 100% of their normal weight
50
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of factors increases risk for heart disease type two diabetes and stroke.
51
What are some of the factors that cause metabolic syndrome?
Abdominal obesity- > 35 inch in women > 40 inch in men
triglyceride levels
blood pressure
52
What are the three characteristics of female athlete triad?
Low energy
Amenorrhea and
osteoporosis
53
Where is alcohol absorbed
20% in the stomach and 80% in the small intestines
54
Where is alcohol metabolized and filtered?
The liver.
55
What is a standard drink?
12 ounces of beer
10 ounces of wine cooler
4 to 5 ounces of wine
1.5 ounces of 80 proof whiskey
56
What is resveratol?
Phytochemical found in red wine grapes and nuts.
57
What is ADH?
Alcohol dehydrogenase.
58
What is ALDH?
Aldehyde dehydrogenase.
59
What does ADH activity do?
Reduce alcohol absorption
In women ADH is less active in the stomach so we absorb more alcohol!
60
Where is ADH found?
In both the stomach and the liver.
61
What is the definition of binge drinking?
Consuming five more alcoholic drinks on one occasion for men and four more for women.
62
What is metabolic tolerance?
When the liver becomes more efficient and it's breakdown of alcohol.
BAC rises much more slowly.
63
What is functional tolerance?
Individual show few signs of impairment/ intoxication even at high BAC.
64
What is fatty liver?
The early reversible stages of liver disease.
65
What is alcoholic hepatitis?
Inflamed liver.
66
What is cirrhosis of deliver?
The stages of liver disease.
67
What is a good effect of alcohol?
It increases HDL (good cholesterol)
68
True or false- both Mifflen St. George and Harris Benedict can be used to determine BMR
True
69
What percentage of our daily value should we get from saturated fat?
7-10%
70
What is anthropometric assessment?
Height bodyweight head circumference in infants and limb circumference.
71
What is a subclinical deficiency?
Occurs in the early stages so there are few few or no symptoms to be recorded.
72
Define DRI
A set of national reference values for the US that applies to healthy people.
73
Define EAR
The average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet 50% of healthy people.
74
Define RDA
The average daily nutrient intake level that meets the requirement of 97 to 98% of healthy people
75
Define AI
Reflects the average daily amount of nutrient that a group of healthy people consume.
76
Define UL.
Maximum daily amount of nutrient that appear safer healthy people.
77
Define EER.
The average daily energy intake required to maintain good health and balance energy.
78
Define AMDR
The range of intake for energy and nutrients that provide adequate energy and nutrients, and reduce the risk of chronic disease.
