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The Science Of Nutrition > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

They contain one or two molecules.

Company refered to as sugars.

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1
Q

What is glucose?

A

The most abundant carbohydrate produced by plants through photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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3
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

A

Lactose maltose and sucrose

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4
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Oligosaccharides- 3 to 10 monosaccharides

Polysaccharides- hundreds of monosaccharides

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5
Q

What is starch?

A

A complex carbohydrate

Found in plants

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6
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A complex carbohydrate

Storage form of glucose

found in humans and animals

Stored in the liver a muscles
It is not found in food therefore it is not a source if dietary carbohydrate

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7
Q

Is fiber digestible?

A

No

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8
Q

What are soluble fibers?

A

Fifer that dissolves in water.

Is fermentable digested by intestinal bacteria

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9
Q

What are insoluble fibers?

A

They can not be digested by the bacteria in the colon.

However they promote regular bowl movements

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10
Q

True or false
Carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach?

What dose break down carbohydrates?

A

False

Salivary alamase

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11
Q

Where dose the most chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?

A

The small intestine.

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12
Q

What is our primary source of energy?

A

Glucose circulating in our blood

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13
Q

All mono carbides are converted to glucose by the liver…

A

True

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14
Q

What are some hormones that control blood glucose levels?

A 
Glycogen
Insulin
Epinephrine 
Cortisol
Growth hormone
Norepinephrine
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15
Q

Where is glycogen produced

A

The liver

16
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

The pancreas

Secreted by beta cells

17
Q

What dose glucagon do?

A

It is produced by alpha cells

Stimulates the liver to turn glycogen in to glucose

Stimulates gluconeogenesis- the production of glucose from amino acids

18
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

The production of glucose from amino acids

19
Q

What are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by?

A

The adrenal gland

They release glucose in to the blood

20
Q

What do both cortisol and growth hormone do?

A

They are secreted by the adrenal gland and they increase gluconeogenesis

And decrease muscle glucose

21
Q

What is the glycemic index?

A

A foods potential to raise blood glucose

How quickly a food raises your glucose level.

Rice crispy treats!

22
Q

What is the glycemic load?

A

Determins the effect of a food on a persons glucose response.

23
Q

What is ketosis?

A

Caused by not eating

Fat breakdown during fasting forms of ketones

Excess ketones increase blood acidity and cause ketosis

You can smell it on there breath

24
Q

What secrets bile?

A

The gallbladder

25
Q

How much carbohydrates should we have in a day?

A

139g/day

26
Q

What is an enriched food

A

When nutrients were lost during processing and added back in

27
Q

What is a fortified food?

A

Food that did not naturally have the nutrient and it was added in

28
Q

What is a nutritive sweetener?

A

Contains 4kcal of energy per gram

Honey, brown sugar, fructose

29
Q

What is a non-nutritive sweetener?

A

Provide little to no energy

Splenda

30
Q

What is diabetes type 1?

A

A body deficiency
(Auto immune)

Your body dose not produce enough insulin

31
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

An insulin insensitivity

You take in too much sugar and now your body dose not sense sugar

32
Q

What is metabolic syndrome?

A

A cluster of factors that increase your risk for type 2 diabetes

33
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Low blood sugar

34
Q

What is reactive hypoglycemia?

A

Your body is producing too much insulin causing you to have low blood sugar.

The Science Of Nutrition (9 decks)

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