Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

They contain one or two molecules.

Company refered to as sugars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is glucose?

A

The most abundant carbohydrate produced by plants through photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

A

Lactose maltose and sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Oligosaccharides- 3 to 10 monosaccharides

Polysaccharides- hundreds of monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is starch?

A

A complex carbohydrate

Found in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A complex carbohydrate

Storage form of glucose

found in humans and animals

Stored in the liver a muscles
It is not found in food therefore it is not a source if dietary carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is fiber digestible?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are soluble fibers?

A

Fifer that dissolves in water.

Is fermentable digested by intestinal bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are insoluble fibers?

A

They can not be digested by the bacteria in the colon.

However they promote regular bowl movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or false
Carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach?

What dose break down carbohydrates?

A

False

Salivary alamase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where dose the most chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?

A

The small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is our primary source of energy?

A

Glucose circulating in our blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

All mono carbides are converted to glucose by the liver…

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some hormones that control blood glucose levels?

A
Glycogen
Insulin
Epinephrine 
Cortisol
Growth hormone
Norepinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is glycogen produced

16
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

The pancreas

Secreted by beta cells

17
Q

What dose glucagon do?

A

It is produced by alpha cells

Stimulates the liver to turn glycogen in to glucose

Stimulates gluconeogenesis- the production of glucose from amino acids

18
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

The production of glucose from amino acids

19
Q

What are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by?

A

The adrenal gland

They release glucose in to the blood

20
Q

What do both cortisol and growth hormone do?

A

They are secreted by the adrenal gland and they increase gluconeogenesis

And decrease muscle glucose

21
Q

What is the glycemic index?

A

A foods potential to raise blood glucose

How quickly a food raises your glucose level.

Rice crispy treats!

22
Q

What is the glycemic load?

A

Determins the effect of a food on a persons glucose response.

23
Q

What is ketosis?

A

Caused by not eating

Fat breakdown during fasting forms of ketones

Excess ketones increase blood acidity and cause ketosis

You can smell it on there breath

24
What secrets bile?
The gallbladder
25
How much carbohydrates should we have in a day?
139g/day
26
What is an enriched food
When nutrients were lost during processing and added back in
27
What is a fortified food?
Food that did not naturally have the nutrient and it was added in
28
What is a nutritive sweetener?
Contains 4kcal of energy per gram Honey, brown sugar, fructose
29
What is a non-nutritive sweetener?
Provide little to no energy Splenda
30
What is diabetes type 1?
A body deficiency (Auto immune) Your body dose not produce enough insulin
31
What is type 2 diabetes?
An insulin insensitivity You take in too much sugar and now your body dose not sense sugar
32
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of factors that increase your risk for type 2 diabetes
33
What is hypoglycemia?
Low blood sugar
34
What is reactive hypoglycemia?
Your body is producing too much insulin causing you to have low blood sugar.