Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are simple carbohydrates?
They contain one or two molecules.
Company refered to as sugars.
What is glucose?
The most abundant carbohydrate produced by plants through photosynthesis
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are examples of disaccharides?
Lactose maltose and sucrose
What are complex carbohydrates?
Oligosaccharides- 3 to 10 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides- hundreds of monosaccharides
What is starch?
A complex carbohydrate
Found in plants
What is glycogen?
A complex carbohydrate
Storage form of glucose
found in humans and animals
Stored in the liver a muscles
It is not found in food therefore it is not a source if dietary carbohydrate
Is fiber digestible?
No
What are soluble fibers?
Fifer that dissolves in water.
Is fermentable digested by intestinal bacteria
What are insoluble fibers?
They can not be digested by the bacteria in the colon.
However they promote regular bowl movements
True or false
Carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach?
What dose break down carbohydrates?
False
Salivary alamase
Where dose the most chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?
The small intestine.
What is our primary source of energy?
Glucose circulating in our blood
All mono carbides are converted to glucose by the liver…
True
What are some hormones that control blood glucose levels?
Glycogen Insulin Epinephrine Cortisol Growth hormone Norepinephrine
Where is glycogen produced
The liver
Where is insulin produced?
The pancreas
Secreted by beta cells
What dose glucagon do?
It is produced by alpha cells
Stimulates the liver to turn glycogen in to glucose
Stimulates gluconeogenesis- the production of glucose from amino acids
What is gluconeogenesis?
The production of glucose from amino acids
What are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by?
The adrenal gland
They release glucose in to the blood
What do both cortisol and growth hormone do?
They are secreted by the adrenal gland and they increase gluconeogenesis
And decrease muscle glucose
What is the glycemic index?
A foods potential to raise blood glucose
How quickly a food raises your glucose level.
Rice crispy treats!
What is the glycemic load?
Determins the effect of a food on a persons glucose response.
What is ketosis?
Caused by not eating
Fat breakdown during fasting forms of ketones
Excess ketones increase blood acidity and cause ketosis
You can smell it on there breath
What secrets bile?
The gallbladder
How much carbohydrates should we have in a day?
139g/day
What is an enriched food
When nutrients were lost during processing and added back in
What is a fortified food?
Food that did not naturally have the nutrient and it was added in
What is a nutritive sweetener?
Contains 4kcal of energy per gram
Honey, brown sugar, fructose
What is a non-nutritive sweetener?
Provide little to no energy
Splenda
What is diabetes type 1?
A body deficiency
(Auto immune)
Your body dose not produce enough insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
An insulin insensitivity
You take in too much sugar and now your body dose not sense sugar
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of factors that increase your risk for type 2 diabetes
What is hypoglycemia?
Low blood sugar
What is reactive hypoglycemia?
Your body is producing too much insulin causing you to have low blood sugar.
