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The Science Of Nutrition > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is appetite?

A

The psychological desire to consume specific food

Aroused by environmental causes

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1
Q

What is hunger?

A

The psychological drive for food.

It is non specific

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2
Q

What us anorexia?

A

A loss of appetite

The physiologicL need for food yet no appetite

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3
Q

What dose the hypothalamus do?

A

Triggers feelings of hunger or satiation (fullness)

It gets messages from the nerves and hormones

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4
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers secreted in to the blood stream by endocrine glands to help regulate body functions.

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5
Q

What are pancreatic hormones?

A

Insulin—> lowers blood sugar

Glucagon —> raises blood sugar and makes you feel full

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6
Q

What foods have higher satiety levels?

A

Proteins—> the highest

High-fat diets

Bulky meals

Solid foods

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7
Q

What has the lowest satiety level?

A

Carbs.

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8
Q

What 3 process do food undergo?

A

Digestion—> mechanical and chemical

Absorption—> happens in the intestinal walls

Elimination—> waste excreted that we do not consume

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9
Q

What are sphincters?

A

Muscles that control the passage of food material from one GIT organ to the next.

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10
Q

What is the cephalic phase of digestion?

A

The fist step… Thought

Hunger releases our digestive juices

Cephalic= head= starts in the head

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11
Q

What is the second step of digestion?

A

Chewing/ saliva

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12
Q

What are enzymes and what do they do?

A

They are complex chemicals that induce chemical changes in other substances to

speed up bodily process

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13
Q

What is salivary alamase and what dose it do?

A

It is an enzyme

It breaks down starches

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14
Q

What is a bolus?

A

The mass of chewed mistimed food in the mouth.

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15
Q

What dose the epiglottis do?

A

It covers the opening to the trachea.

Prevents food from going in to the lungs.

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16
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract.

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17
Q

What dose pH stand for and what dose it measure?

A

Potential of hydrogen

A measure of a compounds acidity or alkalinity.

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18
Q

What is gastrin and what dose it do?

A

A hormone that is secreted by the cells lining the stomach.

They produce gastric juice

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19
Q

What are parietal cells?

A

They secret HCL and intrinsic factor.

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20
Q

What dose gastric juice contain?

A

Hydrochloride acid (HCL)

Pepsin

Gastric lipase

Intrinsic factor

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21
Q

What dose Hydrochloric acid do (HCL)?

A

Denatures proteins and activates pepsin.

22
Q

What is pepsin?

A

An enzyme to digest protein

23
Q

What dose gastric lipase do?

A

An enzyme to digest fat

24
Q

What dose intrinsic factor do?

A

Proton to absorb vitamin B12

25
Q

What is chyme?

A

Liquid product of mechanical digestion in the stomach.

26
Q

What dose mucus do?

A

Layer that protects the stomach lining from acid in the gastric juices.

27
Q

What dose bicarbonate do?

A

Neutralizes the acid on the stomach.

28
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
29
Q

What connects the small intestine to the large intestine?

A

Ileoceal valve (sphincter)

30
Q

Where dose most digestion take place?

A

The small intestine.

31
Q

What is the colon?

A

The large intestine.

32
Q

What are pro-biotics?

A

Bacteria that assist with the final digestion.

33
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Speed up digestion.

34
Q

How do hormones assist in digestion?

A

They bind to the receptor cell membrane and activate a second messenger system withing the cell.

35
Q

Where is secretin made?

A

The small intestine.

36
Q

What are accessory organs to digestion?

A

The gallbladder

Pancreas

Liver

37
Q

What dose emulsify mean?

A

To make smaller

38
Q

What dose the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile which is produced by the liver

39
Q

What dose bile do?

A

Emulsifies the lipids

40
Q

What dose the pancreas do?

A

Manufactures holds and secrets digestive enzymes

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas

Bicarbonate is secreted to neutralize chyme

41
Q

What dose the liver do?

A

One of the most important organs

Syntheses chemicals for digestion

Receives the products for digestion via the portal vein

42
Q

What dose enterocytes mean?

A

Intestinal cells

They are absorptive cells in the vili

43
Q

What are vili?

A

Folds in the lining that allow the GI tract to absorb more nutrient

(Look like the pushed up carpet)

44
Q

What is lacteals?

A

Small lymph vessel

45
Q

What are the four types of absorption in the small intestine?

A

Passive diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Endocytosis

46
Q

What is passive diffusion?

A

When nutrients pass through the enterocytes and into the blood stream with out the help of a carrier.

47
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Requires a carrier protein

48
Q

What is active transport?

A

Requires energy and a protein carrier to transport nutrients.

49
Q

What is endocytosis? (Pianocytosis)

A

Active transport by which small amounts of intestinal contents is engulfed in to the cell membrane

Pinocytosis- pinocalada- cells drinking

50
Q

What do lacteals do?

A

Pick up most lipids and fat soluble vitamins

51
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Clusters of immune cells that filter microbes and other harmful agents.

52
Q

What is haustra?

A

Unique to the colon

Segments in the colon that contract sluggishly to move contents.

53
Q

What is enteric nervous system (ENS)?

A

In the gut wall

The Science Of Nutrition (9 decks)

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