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The Science Of Nutrition > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What is appetite?

A

The psychological drive for food

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1
Q

What is hunger?

A

The physiological drive for food.

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2
Q

Which organ triggers feelings of hunger and satiation?

A

The hypothalamus

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3
Q

What effect do different macronutrients have on hunger?

A

Some make you feel more satiated than others.

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4
Q

What macromolecule has the highest satiety level?

A

Proteins

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5
Q

What macromolecule has the lowest satiety lever?

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

What is digestion?

A

When large molecules are broken down in to smaller molecules

Mechanical
Chemical

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7
Q

What is absorption?

A

When nutrients are absorbed in to the intestinal walls

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8
Q

What is elimination?

A

When waste products are excreted from the body through the anus

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9
Q

What is the difference between peristalsis is segmentation?

A

Periastalsis is the slow movement of food through the GI tract

Segmentation is movement as well but is the mixing of chyme and material in the intestine.

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10
Q

What is the role of gastrin?

A

It is secreted by the stomach lining cells and it stimulates the gastric glands to produce gastric juice.

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11
Q

What are the two types of cells in the gastric glands?

A

Parietal cells

Chief cells

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12
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Secret HCL and intrinsic factor

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13
Q

What do Chief cells do?

A

Secret pepsinogen and gastric lipase.

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14
Q

What dose gastric juice contain?

A

(HCL)
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
Intrinsic factor

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15
Q

What dose HCL do?

A

Denatures proteins and activates pepsin

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16
Q

What dose pepsin do?

A

It’s the enzyme to digest protein

Found in the pancreas

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17
Q

What dose gastric lipase do?

A

Enzyme to digest fats

Found in the stomach

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18
Q

What dose intrinsic factor do?

A

Protein to absorb vitamin B12

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19
Q

What is the role of bicarbonate?

A

It neutralizes the acid and chyme

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20
Q

What dose salivary amylase do?

A

Digest carbohydrates

Found in the mouth

21
Q

What are the key hormones that aid in digestion?

A

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

22
Q

What dose gastrin do?

A

Stimulates the secretion of HCL and pepsinogen

23
Q

What dose secretin do?

A

Stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate

24
Q

What dose (CCK) do?

A

Stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes

Stimulates gallbladder contraction

25
Q

What dose GIP do?

A

Stimulates insulin release

26
Q

What are the accessory organs to digestion?

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

27
Q

What dose the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile

28
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Manufacture store and secret digestive enzymes

Insulin and glucagon,

Bicarbonate

29
Q

What dose the liver do?

A

Synthesized chemicals for metabolism

Receives products of digestion via the portal vein

30
Q

What are a few monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

31
Q

What are a few disaccharides?

A

Lactose maltose and sucrose

32
Q

What are characteristics of glucose?

A

Most abundant sugar molecule

33
Q

What is a characteristic of fructose?

A

Sweetest natural sugar

34
Q

What is a characteristic of galactose?

A

Dose not occur alone in foods

35
Q

What two monosaccharides make lactose

A

Glucose and galactose

36
Q

What two monosaccharides make maltose?

A

Glucose and glucose

37
Q

What two monosaccharides make succors?

A

Glucose and fructose

38
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

The liver and muscles

39
Q

What is a lactose intolerance?

A

Lack of the suffice t enzyme to break down foods containing lactose

40
Q

What causes carbohydrate digestion in the mouth pancreas and liver?

A

Mouth- salivary amylase
Pancreas- pancreatic amylase
Liver- breaks down monosaccharides to glucose

41
Q

List the hormones that regulate blood glucose levels.

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

Increase glycogen breakdown in the liver to release glucose in to the blood

Cortisol
Growth hormone

42
Q

What is the glycemic index?

A

How quickly a food can raise ones blood glucose level

43
Q

What is the glycemic load?

A

The potential effect a food has on ones blood glucose level

44
Q

What is glucose?

A

The primary source of energy for the brain and body

45
Q

What is ketosis?

A

The break down of fats due to fasting

46
Q

What is ketosis?

A

An increase of blood acidity levels

Bad breath

47
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Occurs when a diet is diffident an carbohydrates

When the body turns amino acids in to glucose

48
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

When you body can not produce enough insulin

49
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

When your body develops an insulin insensitivity

No longer produces insulin or enough

The Science Of Nutrition (9 decks)

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