Unit 2 Test Flashcards
What is appetite?
The psychological drive for food
What is hunger?
The physiological drive for food.
Which organ triggers feelings of hunger and satiation?
The hypothalamus
What effect do different macronutrients have on hunger?
Some make you feel more satiated than others.
What macromolecule has the highest satiety level?
Proteins
What macromolecule has the lowest satiety lever?
Carbohydrates
What is digestion?
When large molecules are broken down in to smaller molecules
Mechanical
Chemical
What is absorption?
When nutrients are absorbed in to the intestinal walls
What is elimination?
When waste products are excreted from the body through the anus
What is the difference between peristalsis is segmentation?
Periastalsis is the slow movement of food through the GI tract
Segmentation is movement as well but is the mixing of chyme and material in the intestine.
What is the role of gastrin?
It is secreted by the stomach lining cells and it stimulates the gastric glands to produce gastric juice.
What are the two types of cells in the gastric glands?
Parietal cells
Chief cells
What do parietal cells do?
Secret HCL and intrinsic factor
What do Chief cells do?
Secret pepsinogen and gastric lipase.
What dose gastric juice contain?
(HCL)
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
Intrinsic factor
What dose HCL do?
Denatures proteins and activates pepsin
What dose pepsin do?
It’s the enzyme to digest protein
Found in the pancreas
What dose gastric lipase do?
Enzyme to digest fats
Found in the stomach
What dose intrinsic factor do?
Protein to absorb vitamin B12
What is the role of bicarbonate?
It neutralizes the acid and chyme
What dose salivary amylase do?
Digest carbohydrates
Found in the mouth
What are the key hormones that aid in digestion?
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
What dose gastrin do?
Stimulates the secretion of HCL and pepsinogen
What dose secretin do?
Stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate
What dose (CCK) do?
Stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
Stimulates gallbladder contraction
What dose GIP do?
Stimulates insulin release
What are the accessory organs to digestion?
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
What dose the gallbladder do?
Stores bile
What does the pancreas do?
Manufacture store and secret digestive enzymes
Insulin and glucagon,
Bicarbonate
What dose the liver do?
Synthesized chemicals for metabolism
Receives products of digestion via the portal vein
What are a few monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are a few disaccharides?
Lactose maltose and sucrose
What are characteristics of glucose?
Most abundant sugar molecule
What is a characteristic of fructose?
Sweetest natural sugar
What is a characteristic of galactose?
Dose not occur alone in foods
What two monosaccharides make lactose
Glucose and galactose
What two monosaccharides make maltose?
Glucose and glucose
What two monosaccharides make succors?
Glucose and fructose
Where is glycogen stored?
The liver and muscles
What is a lactose intolerance?
Lack of the suffice t enzyme to break down foods containing lactose
What causes carbohydrate digestion in the mouth pancreas and liver?
Mouth- salivary amylase
Pancreas- pancreatic amylase
Liver- breaks down monosaccharides to glucose
List the hormones that regulate blood glucose levels.
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Increase glycogen breakdown in the liver to release glucose in to the blood
Cortisol
Growth hormone
What is the glycemic index?
How quickly a food can raise ones blood glucose level
What is the glycemic load?
The potential effect a food has on ones blood glucose level
What is glucose?
The primary source of energy for the brain and body
What is ketosis?
The break down of fats due to fasting
What is ketosis?
An increase of blood acidity levels
Bad breath
What is gluconeogenesis?
Occurs when a diet is diffident an carbohydrates
When the body turns amino acids in to glucose
What is type 1 diabetes?
When you body can not produce enough insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
When your body develops an insulin insensitivity
No longer produces insulin or enough
