Unit D

Question 1

What is a Gene Pool?

Answer 1

All the genes that exist in a population.

Question 2

What is the Five Conditions for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?

Answer 2

1. Large population
2. No Gene Flow
3. No Mutations
4. No Natural Selection
5. Random Mating

Question 3

What is Genetic Equilibrium?

Answer 3

Stability in a gene pool.

Question 4

What is the equation to show the frequency of two alleles?

Answer 4

p + q = 1

Question 5

What are the two examples of Genetic Drift and it can only occur in ___ populations?

Answer 5

The Founder Effect - When few individuals starts a new, isolated population.

The Bottleneck Effect - Gene pool change that results from a rapid decrease in population size

small populations

Question 6

What is speciation?

Answer 6

THe formation of a new species.

Question 7

What are the two mechanisims of speciation?

Answer 7

Geographic isolation

Reproductive isolation

Question 8

What is a population?

Answer 8

A group of individuals of the same species in the same area at the same time.

Question 9

What is a community?

Answer 9

Populations of all organisims that occupy an area.

Question 10

What is a Ecosystem?

Answer 10

A community with its surrounding abiotic factors.

Question 11

What is intrasecific competition?

Answer 11

How individual members of one species interact/fight with eachother.

Question 12

What is interspecific competition?

Answer 12

How individual members of different species interact/fight with eachother.

Question 13

What is the Geographic Range?

Answer 13

The region where a given organism is sighted.

Question 14

What is the ecological niche?

Answer 14

The role of a species in its environment.

Question 15

What is the population density in the data booklet?

Answer 15

(Dp)

Question 16

What is Dynamic Equilibrium in Biology?

Answer 16

balanced populations that tend to remain stable and adjust to changes in their environment.

Question 17

What is the difference between an open and closed population?

Answer 17

if there is any migration of the population.

Question 18

What is growth rate symbol?

Answer 18

gr

Question 19

what is Biotic potencial?

Answer 19

The highest possible per capita growth rate for a population given unlimited resources and ideal living conditions.

Question 20

What animals have a J-shaped growth curve?

Answer 20

Animals that reproduce exponentially like bacteria.

Question 21

What is the lag phase?

Answer 21

The brief start of an exponential growth curve which sees slow growth.

Question 22

When is the stationary phase of a population?

Answer 22

When the birth rate = the death rate.

Question 23

What animals have a S-shaped growth curve? What is it also known as?

Answer 23

Animals that are larger and reproduce less.

also known as a sigmoidal curve or logistic growth pattern.

Question 24

Define Carrying Capacity.

Answer 24

The maximum population size that the environment can sustain over an extended period of time in a given environment without depleting the resources they need or harming their habitat or themselves.

Question 25

What are the two limiting factors of carrying capacity?

Answer 25

Density-dependent factors (biotic) & Density independent factors (abiotic)

Question 26

What are Density-dependent factors?

Answer 26

Biotic factors like predation, and parasites, increase in frequency with density.

Question 27

What is environmental resistance?

Answer 27

The combination of density-dependent and independent factors limits population growth.

Question 28

What are Density-independent factors?

Answer 28

Abiotic factors like droughts and harsh weather that do NOT increase in frequency with density.

Question 29

In an ____ ______ it may be favourable to reproduce rapidly when conditions are favourable (ex. bacteria)

Answer 29

unstable environment

Question 30

In an ____ ______ it may be favourable to reproduce slowly (ex. bison)

Answer 30

stable environment

Question 31

What are animals with r-selected life strategies known for?

Answer 31

small size, short life span, early reproductive age, large broods, little or no parental care.

Question 32

What are animals with K-selected life strategies known for?

Answer 32

Large size, long life span, later reproductive age, few offspring requiring parental care.

Question 33

What are boom / bust cycles?

Answer 33

Predator-prey interactions that result in fluctuations of populations.

Question 34

What does co-evolve mean?

Answer 34

When produces evolve to survive consumers evolve to be better catchers.

Question 35

What do defence mechanisms do?

Answer 35

Reduce predation risk. (camouflage and mimicry)

Question 36

What is symbiosis?

Answer 36

Direct or close relationship between individuals of different species that live together.

Question 37

What is Mutualism?

Answer 37

A relationship where both species benefit.

Question 38

What is commensalism?

Answer 38

A relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

Question 39

What is parasitism?

Answer 39

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.

Question 40

What is Succession?

Answer 40

The slow progressive chage in community structure (both plant and animal species) over time.

Question 41

What is primary succession?

Answer 41

Life growing where no life has occurred before.

Question 42

What is the Pioneer Community?

Answer 42

The first species to colonize an area and initiate succession.

Question 43

what is the Climax Community?

Answer 43

Latecomers in the process of succession.

Question 44

What is an ecological disturbance?

Answer 44

An event that changes the structure of a community. sometimes destroying all actively growing organisms.

Question 45

What is secondary Succession? What is an important thing to look for?

Answer 45

The recolonization of an area.

Soil is not destroyed.

Question 46

What are important things to know about age pyramids?

Answer 46

Better birth control access, and gender differences.