Unit A - General Nervous system

Question 1

What are the four general functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. Reception - of stimuli and conduction of impulses (message) to the central nervous system (CNS)
2. Interpretation of Impulses - followed by decisions
3. Sorting of impulses - setting or priorities for action upon them (insignificant info is ignored while urgent info is given priority)
4. Transmission - Impulses to effectors - carry out appropriate activities

Question 2

What are the two different types of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 2

1. Neurons
2. Glial Cells

Question 3

What are the three characteristics of neurons?

Answer 3

1. Specialized to respond to Physical and Chemical stimuli
2. Conduct electrochemical signals (impulses)
3. Release chemicals that regulate various body processes

Question 4

What are the five characteristics of Glial Cells?

Answer 4

1. non-conducting cells
2. Nourish neurons
3. remove neuron waste
4. defend against infection
5. Provide a supporting framework for the nervous system tissue

Question 5

What cell in the nervous system has the largest volume and is most abundant?

Answer 5

Glial Cells (outnumber neurons by as many as 50:1).

Question 6

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 6

Relay information about the environment to the CNS for processing (Eyes - light, temperature).

Question 7

Where is the cell body found in a sensory neuron?

Answer 7

midway through the axon.

Question 8

Which neuron cells are myelinated?

Answer 8

Sensory Neurons & Motor Neurons.

Interneurons are not myelinated

Question 9

What do Interneurons do?

Answer 9

Integrate and interpret sensory information and connect to outgoing motor neurons.

Question 10

Where are interneurons found?

Answer 10

In the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 11

What often bridges a sensory and a motor neuron?

Answer 11

An interneuron.

Question 12

What is the PNS?

Answer 12

The peripheral nervous system.

Question 13

What is the CNS?

Answer 13

The central nervous system.

Question 14

What are effectors?

Answer 14

Muscles/glands.

Question 15

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 15

Relay information from the CNS to the effectors.

Question 16

Which neuron is shorter in length than the rest?

Answer 16

Interneurons.

Question 17

Which neurons are found in the PNS?

Answer 17

Sensory and Motor Neurons.

Question 18

Which neuron(s) are found in the CNS?

Answer 18

Interneurons.

Question 19

What is a cell body?

Answer 19

The main mass of the cell which contains the nucleus and organelles.

Question 20

What are Dendrites?

Answer 20

Tubelike extensions of the cell which contains the nucleus and organelles.

Question 21

What are Axons?

Answer 21

Single, tubelike extension which carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Question 22

What are Glial cells (Schwann, neuroglial)?

Answer 22

A type of cell that surrounds a neuron and appears to nourish and protect the neuron.

Question 23

What are Schwann cells?

Answer 23

Special glial cells surrounding the axon of many neurons; aids in the production of myelin.

Question 24

What is the Myelin sheath?

Answer 24

• white, fatty protien around the axon

Question 25

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 25

Gaps between adjacent Schwann cells which may help to boost the impulse along a fibre.

Question 26

What is the Neurilemma?

Answer 26

Specialized cells that make up the Nervous system; task is to transmit impulses between the brain and all other body parts.

Question 27

What is the sensory (afferent) neuron?

Answer 27

Transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS.

Question 28

What is the Interneuron (association)?

Answer 28

Transmits impulses from sensory to motor neurons or other neurons located in the brain, spinal cord or ganglia.

Question 29

What is the Motor (efferent) Neuron?

Answer 29

Transmits impulses to effectors.

Question 30

What is a nerve?

Answer 30

A bundle of hundreds to thousands of axon fibres.

Question 31

Lable the reflex arc in order (7). | Starting with stimulus

Answer 31

1. Stimulus 2. Pain receptor 3. sensory neuron 4. Interneuron 5. Spinal cord 6. Motor neuron 7. Effector | 4 & 5 are interchangeable

Question 32

Lable a neuron in order. | If in same spot go from smallest to largest

Answer 32

1. Dendrite 2. Nucleus 3. Cell body 4. Axon 5. Myelin sheath 6. Schwann cell 7. Node of Ranvier 8. (repeat several times) 8. Axon terminal

Question 33

What is positive feedback?

Answer 33

stiumulates the horomone production of more of itself. | (very rare) oxytocin in labour

Question 34

What is negative Feedback?

Answer 34

Inhibit the horomone production of more of itself. | (very common) Thyroxine levels in the blood

Question 35

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 35

Release horomones into the bloodstream.

Question 36

What is Hyper-_ or Hypo-_?

Answer 36

Hyper-_ → **EXTRA**-_ Hypo-_ → **LOW**-_

Question 37

What are the two Horomones produced in the Hypothalamus?

Answer 37

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 38

What are the two releasing Horomones produced in the Hypothalamus? | there are more, but only two for the diploma

Answer 38

TRH, and GnRH

Question 39

What are the different Horomones released in the pituitary gland?

Answer 39

G - HGH O - Oxytocin A - ADH T - TSH F - FSH L - LH A - ACTH P - PRL | GOAT FLAP to remember

Question 40

What is TSH?

Answer 40

Thyroid Stimulating Horomone → Stimulates the thyroid gland to release horomones.

Question 41

what is ACTH?

Answer 41

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone → stimulates the adrenal gland to relase hormones.

Question 42

What is hGH?

Answer 42

Human growth hormone → stimulates **liver** to relase growth factors that impact bones and muscles.

Question 43

What is PRL?

Answer 43

Prolactin → stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

Question 44

What is Oxytocin?

Answer 44

Stimulates uterus contraction and mammary glands