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Bio - 30 > Unit A - General Nervous system > Flashcards

Unit A - General Nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four general functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Reception - of stimuli and conduction of impulses (message) to the central nervous system (CNS)
  2. Interpretation of Impulses - followed by decisions
  3. Sorting of impulses - setting or priorities for action upon them (insignificant info is ignored while urgent info is given priority)
  4. Transmission - Impulses to effectors - carry out appropriate activities
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2
Q

What are the two different types of cells in the nervous system?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Glial Cells
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3
Q

What are the three characteristics of neurons?

A
  1. Specialized to respond to Physical and Chemical stimuli
  2. Conduct electrochemical signals (impulses)
  3. Release chemicals that regulate various body processes
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4
Q

What are the five characteristics of Glial Cells?

A
  1. non-conducting cells
  2. Nourish neurons
  3. remove neuron waste
  4. defend against infection
  5. Provide a supporting framework for the nervous system tissue
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5
Q

What cell in the nervous system has the largest volume and is most abundant?

A

Glial Cells (outnumber neurons by as many as 50:1).

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6
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Relay information about the environment to the CNS for processing (Eyes - light, temperature).

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7
Q

Where is the cell body found in a sensory neuron?

A

midway through the axon.

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8
Q

Which neuron cells are myelinated?

A

Sensory Neurons & Motor Neurons.

Interneurons are not myelinated

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9
Q

What do Interneurons do?

A

Integrate and interpret sensory information and connect to outgoing motor neurons.

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10
Q

Where are interneurons found?

A

In the brain and the spinal cord.

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11
Q

What often bridges a sensory and a motor neuron?

A

An interneuron.

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12
Q

What is the PNS?

A

The peripheral nervous system.

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13
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous system.

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14
Q

What are effectors?

A

Muscles/glands.

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15
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Relay information from the CNS to the effectors.

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16
Q

Which neuron is shorter in length than the rest?

A

Interneurons.

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17
Q

Which neurons are found in the PNS?

A

Sensory and Motor Neurons.

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18
Q

Which neuron(s) are found in the CNS?

A

Interneurons.

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19
Q

What is a cell body?

A

The main mass of the cell which contains the nucleus and organelles.

20
Q

What are Dendrites?

A

Tubelike extensions of the cell which contains the nucleus and organelles.

21
Q

What are Axons?

A

Single, tubelike extension which carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

22
Q

What are Glial cells (Schwann, neuroglial)?

A

A type of cell that surrounds a neuron and appears to nourish and protect the neuron.

23
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

Special glial cells surrounding the axon of many neurons; aids in the production of myelin.

24
Q

What is the Myelin sheath?

A
  • white, fatty protien around the axon
25
Q

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Gaps between adjacent Schwann cells which may help to boost the impulse along a fibre.

26
Q

What is the Neurilemma?

A

Specialized cells that make up the Nervous system; task is to transmit impulses between the brain and all other body parts.

27
Q

What is the sensory (afferent) neuron?

A

Transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS.

28
Q

What is the Interneuron (association)?

A

Transmits impulses from sensory to motor neurons or
other neurons located in the brain, spinal cord or
ganglia.

29
Q

What is the Motor (efferent) Neuron?

A

Transmits impulses to effectors.

30
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of hundreds to thousands of axon fibres.

31
Q

Lable the reflex arc in order (7).

Starting with stimulus

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Pain receptor
  3. sensory neuron
  4. Interneuron
  5. Spinal cord
  6. Motor neuron
  7. Effector

4 & 5 are interchangeable

32
Q

Lable a neuron in order.

If in same spot go from smallest to largest

A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cell body
  4. Axon
  5. Myelin sheath
  6. Schwann cell
  7. Node of Ranvier
  8. (repeat several times)
  9. Axon terminal
33
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

stiumulates the horomone production of more of itself.

(very rare) oxytocin in labour

34
Q

What is negative Feedback?

A

Inhibit the horomone production of more of itself.

(very common) Thyroxine levels in the blood

35
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Release horomones into the bloodstream.

36
Q

What is Hyper-_ or Hypo-_?

A

Hyper-_ → EXTRA-_
Hypo-_ → LOW-_

37
Q

What are the two Horomones produced in the Hypothalamus?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

38
Q

What are the two releasing Horomones produced in the Hypothalamus?

there are more, but only two for the diploma

A

TRH, and GnRH

39
Q

What are the different Horomones released in the pituitary gland?

A

G - HGH
O - Oxytocin
A - ADH
T - TSH

F - FSH
L - LH
A - ACTH
P - PRL

GOAT FLAP to remember

40
Q

What is TSH?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Horomone → Stimulates the thyroid gland to release horomones.

41
Q

what is ACTH?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone → stimulates the adrenal gland to relase hormones.

42
Q

What is hGH?

A

Human growth hormone → stimulates liver to relase growth factors that impact bones and muscles.

43
Q

What is PRL?

A

Prolactin → stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

44
Q

What is Oxytocin?

A

Stimulates uterus contraction and mammary glands

45
Q
A

Bio - 30 (16 decks)

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