Unit B - Reproduction (Female system)

Question 1

What is the menarche?

Answer 1

The first period

Question 2

What is the function of the ovaries?

Answer 2

Carries egg cells (ova) which mature in the ovaries.

Question 3

What is the function of the Fallopian Tube?

Answer 3

Pathway for the movement of the ovum to the uterus.

Question 4

How does the ovum move in the fallopian tube?

Answer 4

through cilia in the tube.

Question 5

What is the function of the fimbria?

Answer 5

Fishes for the egg expelled from the ovary.

Think sea anemonie

Question 6

Where is the ovum usually fertilized?

Answer 6

In the Fallopian Tube.

Question 7

What happens if the egg is not fertilized in the fallopian Tube?

Answer 7

It deteriorates (in 48 hours)

Question 8

What is the function of the Uterus?

Answer 8

Site of embryo development

Question 9

What are the 2 major tissues in the Uterus? What are their functions?

Answer 9

1. Myometrium
2. Endometrium

Question 10

What is the Myometrium and what is its function?

Answer 10

The muscular outer layer of the uterus

Provides support for the embryo & causes contractions

Question 11

What is the Endometrium and what is its function?

Answer 11

The inner lining of the uterus.

Provides nourishment for the embryo & Sheads if no pregnancy

Question 12

What is the cervix and what is its function?

Answer 12

The muscular band that separates the vagina from the uterus.

Holds the fetus in place & dilates in pregnancy

Question 13

What is the function of the Vagina? Ph?

Answer 13

Sexual intercourse as well as being acidic to create a hostile environment for microbes.

Question 14

Do females make eggs after puberty?

Answer 14

No

They will have 400 000 follicles for the rest of their lifetime.

Question 15

In a menstrual cycle, how many eggs will be stimulated?

How many will mature?

Answer 15

100 follicles will be stimulated, but only one will mature.

Question 16

What are the two cells a follicle is composed of?

Answer 16

• Oocyte → undergoes meiosis to become a mature oocyte (ovum)
• Granulosa cells → provide nutrients for oocyte

Like spermatocytes → spermatogonium, and sertoli cells

Question 17

What are the 4 steps of the Ovarian Cycle?

Answer 17

1. Follicle matures
2. At Ovulation, the follicle ruptures and the oocyte is released
3. The remaining follicular cells develop into a corpus luteum
4. If pregnancy does not occur the corpus luteum degenerates after 10 days

Question 18

how long is the average menstrual cycle?

Answer 18

28 days

Question 19

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle (in order)?

Answer 19

1. Flow phase
2. Follicular phase
3. Ovulation
4. Luteal phase

Question 20

What does the flow phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

Answer 20

Shedding of the endometrium. Initiated by a decrease in progesterone and estrogen causes it.

Lasts 5 days

Question 21

What does the Follicular phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

Answer 21

The development of follicles within the ovary causing an increase in
mostly estrogen and some progesterone. Initiated by FSH hormone.

Lasts 13 days

Question 22

What does the Ovulation phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

Answer 22

Oocyte bursts from the ovary. Initiated by a spike in LH (and a little spike in FSH). The remaining follicular cells from the mature ovum began to form the corpus luteum.

Lasts a day

Question 23

What does the Luteal phase do in the menstrual cycle? How is it initiated? How long does it last?

Answer 23

The Corpus Luteum in the Ovary releases mostly progesterone and some estrogen. Initiated by the releasing of the egg.

lasts 13 days

Question 24

What is the importance of progesterone?

Answer 24

Stimulates and maintains the endometrium → prepares for the possible embedding of the embryo by inhibiting uterine contraction and ovulation.

Contractions help the sheading process

Question 25

What happens to progesterone if someone is or isn't pregnant?

Answer 25

Pregnant - Progesterone levels are maintained Not Pregnant - Corpus luteum disintegrates and ↓ progesterone & estrogen, uterine contractions ↑ cause the endometrium to pull away from the wall, and return to the flow phase.

Question 26

What is the key hormone in women for developing secondary sex characteristics at puberty?

Answer 26

Estrogen

Question 27

Lable the ovarian cycle hormone feedback loop of a female.

Answer 27

Did you do it?

Question 28

What does GnRH do in the female reproductive system?

Answer 28

Stimulates release of FSH and LH

Question 29

What does FSH do in the female reproductive system?

Answer 29

Stimulates maturation of 100 follicles per cycle. Stimulates the release of estrogen from maturing follicles.

Question 30

What does LH do in the female reproductive system?

Answer 30

Stimulates ovulation resulting in the corpus luteum. Stimulates corpus luteum to produce mostly progesterone and some estrogen.

Question 31

What does estrogen do in the female reproductive system? What's its feedback loop?

Answer 31

Stimulates thickening of endometrium. Exerts positive feedback on LH.