Unit 9 Vocabulary Flashcards
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Instinct
The idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive reduction theory
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state regulation of any aspect of body chemistry such as blood glucose around a particular area
Homeostasis
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentive
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Yerkes-Dodson law
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and the psychological needs become active
Hierarchy of needs
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissues. when it’s level is low we feel hunger
Glucose
The point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Set point
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal metabolic rate
The four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson– excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual response cycle
A period of inactivity after a neuron is fired (2) a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another
Refractory period
A problem that consistently in tears sexual arousal or functioning
Sexual dysfunction
Sex hormones such as estradiol secreted in greater amounts by females than in males and contributing to female sex characteristics
Estrogens
The most important of the male sex hormones. males and females have it but the additional in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
A response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
Emotion
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
James-Lange theory
Emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and subjective experience of emotion
Cannon-Bard theory
Schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
Two factor theory
A machine commonly used in attempt to detect lies that measures several of the physiological responses such as perspiration cardiovascular and breathing changes accompanying emotion
Polygraph
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feeling such as fear anger or happiness
Facial feedback effect
Subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
Health psychology
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Stress
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases; alarm resistance exhaustion
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Under stress, people especially women often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Tend and befriend response
Literally mind-body illness; any stress related physical illness such as hypertension and some headaches
Psychological illness
The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect in the immune system and resulting health
Psychoneuroimmunology
The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; the B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight off bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue, and attack cancer cells viruses and foreign substances
Lymphocytes
The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries
Coronary heart disease
Friedman and Roseman’s terms for competitive hard-driving inpatient verbally aggressive and anger prone people
Type A
Friedman and Richmans term for easy-going relaxed people
Type B
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Motivation
