Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
Attribution theory
Study the social influences that explain why the same person will act differently in different situations
Social psychologists
The tendency for observers when analyzing others behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Attribution error
Feelings often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects people and events
Attitude
Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as speakers attractiveness
Peripheral route persuasion
Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Central route persuasion
Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Foot in the door phenomenon
Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts, (cognitions) are inconsistent
Cognitive dissonance theory
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Conformity
Improved performance on simple Or well learned tasks in the presence of others
Social facilitation
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pulling their efforts toward attaining a common goal then when individuality accountable
Social loafing
The loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Deindividuation
The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussions within the group
Group polarization
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Groupthink
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Culture
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Norms
And unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
Prejudice
A generalized sometimes accurate but often over generalized belief about a group of people
Stereotypes
In classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditional stimulus in social psychology, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
Discrimination
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Scape-goat theory
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Aggression
The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal creates anger which can generate aggression
Frustration aggression principle
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Altruism
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Bystander effect
An expectation that people will help not hurt those who have helped them
Reciprocity Norm
An expectation that people will help those needing their help
Social responsibility norm
A perceived incompatibility of actions goals or ideas
Conflict
A situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self interest rather than good it’s a great become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Social traps
Mutual views often held by conflicting people as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
Mirror image perceptions
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment
Self-fulfilling prophecies
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction; a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
GRIT
