Unit 2 Vocabulary

Question 0

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition

Answer 0

Attribution theory

Question 1

Study the social influences that explain why the same person will act differently in different situations

Answer 1

Social psychologists

Question 2

The tendency for observers when analyzing others behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Answer 2

Attribution error

Question 3

Feelings often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects people and events

Answer 3

Attitude

Question 4

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as speakers attractiveness

Answer 4

Peripheral route persuasion

Question 5

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Answer 5

Central route persuasion

Question 6

Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Answer 6

Foot in the door phenomenon

Question 7

Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts, (cognitions) are inconsistent

Answer 7

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 8

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Answer 8

Conformity

Question 9

Improved performance on simple Or well learned tasks in the presence of others

Answer 9

Social facilitation

Question 10

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pulling their efforts toward attaining a common goal then when individuality accountable

Answer 10

Social loafing

Question 11

The loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Answer 11

Deindividuation

Question 12

The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussions within the group

Answer 12

Group polarization

Question 13

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Answer 13

Groupthink

Question 14

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Answer 14

Culture

Question 15

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

Answer 15

Norms

Question 16

And unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

Answer 16

Prejudice

Question 17

A generalized sometimes accurate but often over generalized belief about a group of people

Answer 17

Stereotypes

Question 18

In classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditional stimulus in social psychology, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Answer 18

Discrimination

Question 19

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Answer 19

Scape-goat theory

Question 20

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Answer 20

Aggression

Question 21

The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal creates anger which can generate aggression

Answer 21

Frustration aggression principle

Question 22

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 22

Altruism

Question 23

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 23

Bystander effect

Question 24

An expectation that people will help not hurt those who have helped them

Answer 24

Reciprocity Norm

Question 25

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

Answer 25

Social responsibility norm

Question 26

A perceived incompatibility of actions goals or ideas

Answer 26

Conflict

Question 27

A situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self interest rather than good it’s a great become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Answer 27

Social traps

Question 28

Mutual views often held by conflicting people as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

Answer 28

Mirror image perceptions

Question 29

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Answer 29

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 30

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-reduction; a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Answer 30

GRIT