Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Unit 8 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 8 Vocabulary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
0
Q

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information

A

Bottom up processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our own experience and expectations

A

Top down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

A

Selective attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

Inattentional blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Failing to notice changes in the environment

A

Change blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conversion of one form of energy into another in sensation, transforming of stimulus energies such as sites sounds and smells into Nero impulses our brains can interpret

A

Transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity and our psychological experience of them

A

Psychophysics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

Absolute threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation(noise); assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person’s experience expectations motivation and alertness

A

Signal detection theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

Subliminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The activation often unconsciously of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response

A

Priming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time; we experience this as a just noticeable difference

A

Difference threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage rather then a constant amount

A

Weber’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

A

Sensory adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

A

Perceptual set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy,clairvoyance and precognition

A

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis

A

Parapsychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The distance from the peak of one light or soundwave to the peak of the next electromagnetic wavelengths very from the short blips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission

A

Wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue green and so forth.

A

Hue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The amount of energy in a light or soundwave which we perceive as brightness or loudness as determined by the wave’s amplitude

A

Intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

A

Pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

A

Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

A

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The light-sensitive inner surface of the ally containing the receptor rods and cones and plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

A

Retina

26
Q

In sensation and perception the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects of the retina and developmental psychology at getting our current understandings to incorporate new information

A

Accommodation

27
Q

Retina receptors that detect black white and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision When cones do not respond

A

Rods

28
Q

Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well lit conditions these detect fine detail to give rise to color sensations

A

Cones

29
Q

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

A

Optic nerve

30
Q

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

A

Blind spot

31
Q

The central focal point in the retina around which the eyes cones cluster

A

Fovea

32
Q

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

A

Feature detectors

33
Q

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brains natural mode of information processing for mere functions including vision. contrasts with the step-by-step processing of most computers and of conscious problem-solving

A

Parallel processing

34
Q

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors– one most sensitive to red one to green one to blue which when simulated in combination can produce the perception of any color

A

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

35
Q

The theory that opposing retinal processes red green yellow blue white and black enable color vision. some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red others are stimulated by green

A

Opponent process theory

36
Q

An organized whole. these psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

A

Gestalt

37
Q

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

A

Figure ground

38
Q

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

A

Grouping

39
Q

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

A

Depth perception

40
Q

A laboratory device used for testing depth perception and infants and young animals

A

Visual cliff

41
Q

Depth cues such as retinal disparity that depend on the use of two eyes

A

Binocular cues

42
Q

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images the closer the object

A

Retinal disparity

43
Q

Depth cues such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone

A

Monocular cues

44
Q

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

A

Phi phenomenon

45
Q

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness and color) even as illumination and retinal images change

A

Perceptual constancy

46
Q

Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths of light by the object

A

Color constancy

47
Q

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

A

Perceptual adaptation

48
Q

This sense or act of hearing

A

Audition

49
Q

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

A

Frequency

50
Q

A tone’s experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

A

Pitch

51
Q

The chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea containing three tiny bones (the hammer anvil and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window

A

Middle ear

52
Q

A coiled bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear sound waves traveling through the cochlear nerve impulses

A

Cochlea

53
Q

The innermost part of the ear; containing the cochlea, semicircular canals,and vestibular sacs.

A

Inner ear

54
Q

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells, or the auditory nerves.

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

55
Q

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

A

Conduction hearing loss

56
Q

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

A

Cochlea implant

57
Q

In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated.

A

Place theory

58
Q

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense it’s pitch

A

Frequency

59
Q

The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in the larger fibers or by info coming from brain

A

Gate-control theory

60
Q

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A

Kinesthesia

61
Q

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

A

Vestibular sense

62
Q

The principle that one sense may influence another; as when the smell of food influences it’s taste

A

Sensory interaction

63
Q

In psychological science, the influences of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements

A

Embodied cognition

AP Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions