Unit 1 Part B Vocabulary

Question 0

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions rather it examines assumptions assesses the source discerns hidden values evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions.

Answer 0

Critical thinking

Question 1

Tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it. (I knew it all along phenomenon)

Answer 1

Hind sight bias

Question 2

Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predict behaviors or events

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

A testable prediction often implied by theory.

Answer 3

Hypothesis

Question 4

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. for example human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures

Answer 4

Operational definition

Question 5

Repeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Answer 5

Replication

Question 6

A descriptive technique in which an individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Answer 6

Case study

Question 7

Technique for searching the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

Answer 7

Survey

Question 8

All those in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

A sample that fairly represents a population because member has an equal chance of inclusion

Answer 9

Random sample

Question 10

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Answer 10

Naturalistic observation

Question 11

Measure of the extent to which two variables change together and thus of how well either variable predicts the other

Answer 11

Correlation

Question 12

A statistical index of the relationship between two variables

Answer 12

Correlation coefficient

Question 13

A graphed cluster of dots each of which represents the values of two variables.

Answer 13

Scatter plot

Question 14

The perception of a relationship where none exists

Answer 14

Illusory correlation

Question 15

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

Answer 15

Experiment

Question 16

Assignment participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between the different groups

Answer 16

Random assignment

Question 17

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo

Answer 17

Double-blind procedure

Question 18

Experimental results caused by expectations alone any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition which the recipient assumes in an active agent

Answer 18

Placebo effect

Question 19

Experiment the group exposed to the treatment that is to one version of the independent variable

Answer 19

Experimental group

Question 20

In an experiment the group not exposed to the treatment contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Answer 20

Control group

Question 21

Experimental factor that is manipulated the variable whose effect is being studied

Answer 21

Independent variable

Question 22

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

Answer 22

Confounding variable

Question 23

The outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

Answer 23

Dependant variable

Question 24

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution

Answer 24

Mode

Question 25

The arithmetic average of a distribution obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Answer 25

Mean

Question 26

The middle score in a distribution have to scores are above it in half are below it

Answer 26

Median

Question 27

Difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Answer 27

Range

Question 28

A symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data

Answer 28

Normal curve

Question 29

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

Answer 29

Statistical significance