Unit 10 Part A Vocabulary

Question 1

The processing of information into the memory system-for example by extracting meaning

Answer 1

Encoding

Question 2

Process of retaining encoded information overtime

Answer 2

Storage

Question 3

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Answer 3

Retrieval

Question 4

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions including vision contrast with the step-by-step processing of most computers and conscious problem-solving

Answer 4

Parallel processing

Question 5

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 5

Sensory memory

Question 6

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten

Answer 6

Short term memory

Question 7

The relatively permanent and limitless store house of the memory system; includes knowledge skills and experiences

Answer 7

Long term memory

Question 8

A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and information retrieved from long-term memory

Answer 8

Working memory

Question 9

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

Answer 9

Explicit memory

Question 10

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 10

Effortful processing

Question 11

Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well learned information such as word meanings

Answer 11

Automatic processing

Question 12

Retention independent of conscious recollection

Answer 12

Implicit memory

Question 13

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Answer 13

Iconic memory

Question 14

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere,sounds and words can still be recalled within three or four seconds

Answer 14

Echoic memory

Question 15

Organizing items into familiar or manageable units; often occurs automatically

Answer 15

Chunking

Question 16

Memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 16

Mnemonics

Question 17

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 17

Spacing effect

Question 18

Enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply re-reading information also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test enhanced learning

Answer 18

Testing effect

Question 19

Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

Answer 19

Shallow processing

Question 20

Encoding semantically based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

Answer 20

Deep processing

Question 21

Neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage

Answer 21

Hippocampus

Question 22

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 22

Flashbulb memory

Question 23

An increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief rapid stimulation believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Answer 23

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 24

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier as on a fill-in the blank test

Answer 24

Recall

Question 25

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple choice test

Answer 25

Recognition

Question 26

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Answer 26

Relearning

Question 27

The activation often unconsciously a particular associations in memory

Answer 27

Priming

Question 28

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood

Answer 28

Mood congruent memory

Question 29

Our tendency to recall best the last (a recency effect)and first items (a primacy effect) in a list

Answer 29

Serial position effect

Question 30

An inability to form new memories

Answer 30

Anterograde amnesia

Question 31

An inability to retrieve info from one’s past

Answer 31

Retrograde amnesia

Question 32

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Answer 32

Proactive interference

Question 33

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Answer 33

Retroactive interference

Question 34

In psychoanalytic theory the basic mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories

Answer 34

Repression

Question 35

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

Answer 35

Misinformation effect

Question 36

Attributing to the wrong source of an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

Answer 36

Source amnesia

Question 37

That eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before”, cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Answer 37

Deja vu

Question 38

The persistence of learning overtime through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Answer 38

Memory