Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Free association
An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality
Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Psychoanalysis
A reservoir of mostly acceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories according to contemporary psychologists, info processing of which we are unaware
Unconscious
A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives and operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
id
The largely conscious executive part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of id,super ego, and reality; it operates on the reality principle of satisfying the id’s desires in ways it won’t realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Ego
The part of personality that according to Freud represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
Super ego
The childhood stages of development (oral, anal phallic, latency, and genital) during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
Psychosexual stages
A boy’s sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Oedipus complex
The process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos
Identification
A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved
Fixation
In psychoanalytic theory the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Defense mechanisms
In psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness is anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
Repression
Modern day approaches that view personality with a focus on the unconscious Hortons of childhood experiences
Psychodynamic theories
Carl Jung’s concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history
Collective unconscious
A personality test such as the Rorschach that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics
Projective test
A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests that the stories that make up about ambiguous scenes
Thematic apperception test
The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings that analyzes your interpretations of the blots
Rorschach Inkblot test
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other share our beliefs and our behaviors
False consensus effect
A theory of death related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death
Terror management theory
View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
Humanistic theories
According to Maslow,one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved the motivation to fulfill one’s potential
Self actualization
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self acceptance
Unconditional positive regard
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question “who am I?”
Self-concept
A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act as assessed by self-report inventories and Peer reports
Trait
A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
Personality inventory
The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
A test developed by testing a pool of items and then sebating those that discriminate between groups
Empirically derived test
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context
Social-cognitive perspective
In personality theory this perspective focuses on the affects of learning on our personality development
Behavioral approach
The interacting influences of behavior; internal cognition and environment
Reciprocal determinism
The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
Positive psychology
In contemporary psychology assumed to be the center of personality the organizer of our thoughts feelings and actions
Self
Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance performance and blunders
Spotlight effect
One’s feelings of high or low self-worth
Self-esteem
One sense of competence and effectiveness
Self efficacy
A readiness to perceive one’s self favorably
Self-serving bias
Excessive self-love and self absorption
Narcissism
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Individualism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly
Collectivism
First to focus clinical attention on the unconscious mind and he is part of psychology’s historical development
Sigmund Freud
Belief that childhood social tensions are crucial for personality information he proposed the still popular idea of the inferiority complex
Alfred Adler
Says childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security
Karen Horney
Believes we have a collective unconscious, a common reservoir of images or archetypes derived from our species universal experiences said that it explains why for many people spiritual concerns are deeply rooted in my people in different cultures share certain miss you images
Carl Jung
Proposed that we are motivated by a heirarchy of needs if our psychological needs are met we become concerned with personal safety
Abraham Maslow
Believe that people are basically good and are endowed with self actualizing tendencies
Carl Rogers
Associated with the five factor theory of personality studied the stability of personality across age and culture
Robert McCrae
Also was a part of the five factor theory believe that certain personality traits developed as we age
Paul costa
Emphasizes interaction of our traits with our situations much as nature and nurture always work together so do individuals and their situations
Albert Bandura
Says a positive psychology is an umbrella term for the study of positive emotions, positive character traits, and enabling institutions
Martin Seligman
