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Spinal TRI 2 > Unit 9 Transition zones of the vertebral column (final exam) > Flashcards

Unit 9 Transition zones of the vertebral column (final exam) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to segments that lie in the transition zones of the vertebral column?

A

Transition vertebrae

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2
Q

What are the transition zones of the vertebral column?

A 
Occipitocervical
Cervicothoracic
Thoracolumbar
Lumbosacral
Sacrococcygeal
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3
Q

How are the specific segments within a transition zone identified?

A

By adjacent region of the segment, process of transition, and specific segment

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4
Q

What does the suffix “ization” refer to?

A

process of becoming like

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5
Q

What are the possible transition zone-segmental combinations?

A

Cervicalization of occipt, Occipitalization of C1
Dorsalization of C7, cervicalization of T1
Lumbarization of T12, dorsalization of L1
Sacralization of L5, Lumbarization of S1
Coccygealization of S5, Sacralization of Co1

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6
Q

What is/are the characteristics of cervicalization of occiput?

A

Increase in occipital bone size

Formation of new or larger lines on occipital bone

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7
Q

What is/are the characteristics of occipitalization of C1?

A

Atlas may be partially or completely fused to occiput

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8
Q

What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?

A

Atlas assimilation

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9
Q

What is the incidence of occipitalization of C1?

A

.1-.8%

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10
Q

When do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear?

A

during the last trimester in utero

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11
Q

When do the bilateral ossification centers for the odontoid process fuse?

A

at or shortly after birth

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12
Q

What joint forms between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum?

A

Subdental synchondrosis

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13
Q

What joint classification is present between the C2 odontoid process and centrum?

A

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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14
Q

Ossification between the odontoid process and centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age?

A

4 years old

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15
Q

A joint between the odontoid process and centrum of c2 is last identified at what age?

A

7

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16
Q

What is the name given to the condition in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond age 7?

A

os odontoideum

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17
Q

What is an os odontoideum?

A

persistence beyond age 7 of joint formed by centrum and odontoid process centers of ossification.

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18
Q

What is the name given to the joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7?

A

Persistent subdental synchondrosis

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19
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process of centers of ossification?

A

tip of the dens synchondrosis

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20
Q

At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear?

A

early adolescence

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21
Q

Based on the age of appearance, how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified?

A

Secondary center of ossification.

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22
Q

At what age will the tip of the dens fuse with the odontoid process?

A

before 12

23
Q

If the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?

A

terminal ossicle

24
Q

What is a basilar impression?

A

persistence of the nonunion of the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain.

25
Q

What is basilar invagination?

A

Upper cervical spine appears to be invaginated into the skull on xray analysis.

26
Q

What is/are the characteristics of dorsalization of C7?

A

Addition of a rib

Changes in superior articular facet orientation are typical

27
Q

What is the incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7?

A

.5-2.5% of the population

28
Q

Do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7?

A

No, Asymptomatic

29
Q

What is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7?

A

Female

30
Q

What alteration in C7 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization?

A

superior is BUM–>BUL

Inferior is unchanged

31
Q

What alteration in C6 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization?

A

Inferior is FoLD–> ForMeD

Superior is unchanged

32
Q

What percent of the population may demonstrate thoracic-like features at C7?

A

up to 46%

33
Q

What rib-related changes may accompany cervicalization of T1?

A

first rib may decrease in mean relative length or become absent

34
Q

What will result form fusion of a short rib to the T1 TVP?

A

Transverse foramen

35
Q

What T1 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization?

A

Superior is BUL—> BUM

Inferior is unchanged

36
Q

What C7 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization?

A

inferior is ForMeD–>FoLD

Superior is unchanged

37
Q

What is the incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population?

A

up to 28%

38
Q

What rib-related changes may accompany dorsalization of L1?

A

elongated bones shaped like ribs may appear

39
Q

What is the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population?

A

7%

40
Q

What L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization?

A

Superior is concave BUM—>BUL

Inferior is unchanged

41
Q

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization?

A

Inferior is FoLD—>ForMeD

Superior is unchanged

42
Q

What is the gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1?

A

Males 2-3x

43
Q

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

A

Superior is flat, BUL—>concave BUM

Inferior is unchanged

44
Q

What T11 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

A

Inferior is flat,ForMeD—> Convex, FoLD

Superior is unchanged

45
Q

What is characteristic of lumbarization of S1?

A

Failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

46
Q

What unique characteristics of lumbarization of S1 were stressed in class?

A

Squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala.

47
Q

What is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2?

A

the segments do not completely fuse together.

48
Q

What is flaring of the sacral ala?

A

the Transverse process of the ala appears to elevate as though separating from the rest of the sacral ala.

49
Q

What articular facet changes accompany lumbarization of S1?

A

None

50
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of L5?

A

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

51
Q

What is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population?

A

41-85%

52
Q

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine?

A

L5

53
Q

What articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5?

A

none

54
Q

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population?

A

Up to 14%

Spinal TRI 2 (13 decks)

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