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Spinal TRI 2 > Unit 10, Myology of the back (final exam) > Flashcards

Unit 10, Myology of the back (final exam) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous process represent layer one of the true back?

A

1) Trapezius

2) Latissimus Dorsi

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2
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

1) Rhomboid Major

2) Rhomboid Minor

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3
Q

Which muscles attaching to transverse processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

Levator Scapulae

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4
Q

What trapezius is innervated by what nerve?

A

Spinal accessory nerve, C1-C5 cord levels

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5
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve, ventral rami from C6-C8

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6
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

1) Levator scapulae
2) Rhomboid major
3) Rhomboid minor

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7
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

Ventral ramus of C5

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8
Q

What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin for the splenius muscles?

A

Spinous process

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9
Q

Splenius capitis will attach to what locations on the skull?

A

1) Mastoid process of temporal bone

2) Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5 cord levels)

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11
Q

Splenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?

A

Lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)

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13
Q

Which muscles represent the fourth layer of the true back?

A

1) Erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles

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14
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

1) Iliocostalis
2) Longissimus
3) Spinalis

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15
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the Iliocostalis Lumborum?

A

Spinous process of T11-12, L1-5
Median sacral crest
Lateral sacral crest

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16
Q

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis Lumborum?

A

Costal angles of the lower 6-9 ribs.

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis Lumborum?

A

Dorsal rami of LOWER thoracic and ALL lumbar spinal nerves

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18
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the Iliocostalis Lumborum pars Lumborum?

A

Spinous process of L1-L5

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19
Q

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis Lumborum pars Lumborum?

A

Iliac crest of the innominate bone

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20
Q

Which subdivision of the Iliocostalis muscle appears to have reversal of origin - insertion?

A

Iliocostalis Lumborum pars Lumborum

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21
Q

What is the origin for the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs

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22
Q

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7

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23
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Transverse process of C7

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24
Q

Which subdivision of the Iliocostalis primarily originates and inserts on ribs?

A

Iliocostalis thoracis

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6)

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26
Q

What is the origin for the Iliocostalis cervicis?

A

Costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs

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27
Q

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis cervicis?

A

Posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8

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29
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

Accessory and transverse processes of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

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30
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis?

A

Transverse tubercle of all thoracic segments between tubercle and costal angle of the lower 9-10 ribs.

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31
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?

A

Longissimus thoracis

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

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33
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars Lumborum?

A

Accessory process

Medial part of transverse process of L1-L5

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34
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars Lumborum?

A

PSIS of innominate bone

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35
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column site serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?

A

Spinous process of L3-L5

Median Sacral Crest S1-S3

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36
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?

A

Transverse process of all thoracics, between tubercle and costal angle of all ribs.

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37
Q

Which subdivision of the longissimus muscle appears to have reversal of origin - insertion?

A

Longissimus thoracis pars lumborum

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38
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus thoracis?

A

Posterior tubercle of transverse process from C2-C6 or C7,

Articular process from C2-C6 or C7

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39
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of C4-C8 and T1-T2 spinal nerves

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40
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus capitis?

A

Transverse tubercle of T1-T5

Articular process of C4-C7

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41
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis?

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

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42
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves

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43
Q

Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?

A

Longissimus Cervicis

Longissimus Capitis

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44
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?

A

Spinous processes of T11,T12 and L1,L2

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45
Q

What is the insertion for the spinalis thoracis?

A

Spinous process of T1-T4 or as low as T8

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46
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves.

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47
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis cervicis?

A

Spinous process of C7 and T1-T6

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48
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the spinalis cervicis?

A

Spinous process from C2-C4

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49
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves

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50
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis capitis?

A

Spinous process of C7 and T1-T6 or T7

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51
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves

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52
Q

Which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscles?

A

Semispinalis
Multifidis
Rotators

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53
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?

A

As many as 9 vertebrae

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54
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis Thoracis?

A

Transverse tubercles of T6-T10 or as low as T12

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55
Q

What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

T12

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56
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

Spinous processes of C6-C7 and T1-T4

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57
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?

A

Dorsal rami of T1-T6 spinal nerves

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58
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?

A

Transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6

Articular processes of C4-C7

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59
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis cervicis?

A

Spinous processes of C2-C6

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60
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves

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61
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

Transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7

Articular process of C4-C6

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62
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis capitis?

A

Below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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63
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?

A

Dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves

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64
Q

The semispinalis capitis and Spinalis capitis may fuse to form what muscle?

A

Biventer cervicis

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65
Q

What regional subdivisions are now identified with Multifidis muscles?

A

Lumbar Multifidis
Thoracic Multifidis
Cervical Multifidis

66
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the classic Multifidis?

A

Articular process of C4-C7
Transverse processes of T1-T12
Mammillary processes of L1-L5
Dorsal surface of S1-S4 or S5

67
Q

What is the insertion for the classic Multifidis?

A

Spinous process 3-5 segments above the origin

68
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine?

A

Multifidis

69
Q

Contraction of the classic Multifidis will result in what movements of the vertebral column?

A

Lateral flexion and rotation of the spine
Maintains the lumbar lordotic curve
Prevents entrapment of zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

70
Q

What is the attachment site and most cranial vertebra of insertion for the Multifidis?

A

Spinous process of C2

71
Q

Contraction of Multifidis cervicis will result in what movements?

A

Alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidence by neck pain and is significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck

72
Q

Which subdivisions of Multifidis may demonstrate a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

Multifidis lumborum

73
Q

Contraction of Multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?

A

Lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine,

Maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement.

74
Q

Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?

A

Iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum
Longissimus thoracic pars lumborum
Multifidis lumborum

75
Q

Rotator muscles are typically identified in what region of the spine?

A

Thoracic region

76
Q

What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?

A

Deep layers of the Multifidis

77
Q

Contraction of rotator longus will result in what movements?

A

Rotation of the segment of insertion,

Bilaterally acts to weakly extend spine

78
Q

What innervates the rotators?

A

Dorsal rami at the level of insertion are believed to do so.

79
Q

What muscles are included in the suboccipital muscle group?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis inferior and Superior

80
Q

Which suboccipital muscle lacks an attachment to the skull?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

81
Q

Which nerve will innervate all suboccipital muscles?

A

Dorsal ramus of C1, Suboccipital nerve

82
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Spinous tubercle of C2?

83
Q

Contraction of rectus capitis posterior major will result in what movements?

A

Turns the face to the side,

Bilaterally acts to extend the head

84
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

85
Q

Contraction of rectus capitis posterior minor will result in what movement?

A

Extends the head

86
Q

What is the origin of the Obliquus capitis inferior?

A

C2 spinous process and lamina

87
Q

What is the insertion of the Obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Transverse process of C1

88
Q

Contraction of Obliquus capitis inferior will result in what movement?

A

Turns the face to the side

89
Q

What is the origin of the Obliquus capitis superior?

A

Posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1

90
Q

What is the insertion of the Obliquus capitis superior?

A

Between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line

91
Q

Contraction of the Obliquus capitis superior will result in what movements?

A

Lateral flexion/lateral bending of the head,

Bilaterally acts to extend the head

92
Q

An increase in the density of muscle spindles is most apparent in which suboccipital muscle?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

93
Q

Suboccipital muscle feedback relays to what additional locations in the brain?

A

Extraocular nuclei of origin,
Primary visual cortex
Vestibular nuclei

94
Q

What is the result of communication between suboccipital muscles, visual centers and vestibular centers?

A

Coordination of head and eye position

95
Q

What is the proposed function of the suboccipital muscle group?

A

Postural stabilizers of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints

96
Q

Which suboccipital muscles are known to attach to dura matter?

A

Rectus Capitis posterior major and Minor

Obliquus capitis inferior

97
Q

Interspinalis is paired in which regions of the spine?

A

Cervical and Lumbar regions

98
Q

At what locations will Interspinalis be absent along the spine?

A

T3-T4 down to T10-T11

99
Q

Contraction of Interspinalis is traditionally said to result in what movement?

A

Weak approximation of the spinous processes or extension of the spine.

100
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the Interspinalis?

A

Acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with intertransversarii to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture.

101
Q

Intertransversarii are paired in which region(s) of the spine?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

102
Q

In which regions of the spine are Intertransversarii best developed?

A

Cervical region

103
Q

Which of the cervical Intertransversarii is innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerve?

A

Posterior medial belly

Cervical intertransversarii

104
Q

What are the names of the parts of the Intertransversarii in the lumbar spine?

A

Medial belly, anterior lateral belly, Posterior lateral belly

105
Q

What is the origin of the medial belly of the lumbar intertansversarrii?

A

Accessory process of transverse process of L1-L4

Mammillary process of superior articular process of L1-L4

106
Q

Which of the lumbar Intertransversarii is innervated by dorsal rami of lumbar spinal nerves?

A

Medial belly, Lumbar Intertransversarii

107
Q

Which of the lumbar Intertransversarii is innervated by ventral of lumbar spinal nerves?

A

Anterior lateral belly and posterior lateral belly, Lumbar Intertransversarii

108
Q

Which muscle group is innervated by both dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal nerves?

A

Intertransversarii

109
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the Intertransversarii?

A

Acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with Interspinalis to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture.

110
Q

What is the origin of the longus colli?

A

Vertebral bodies of C5-C7, T1-T3 and anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C5

111
Q

What is the insertion of the longus colli?

A

Anterior tubercle of the anterior arch C1
Vertebral bodies of C2-C4,
Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C6

112
Q

What will innervated the longus colli?

A

Ventral rami of C2-C6 or C7 spinal nerves

113
Q

What is the origin of the longus capitis?

A

Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes C3-C65

114
Q

What is the insertion of the longus capitis?

A

Basilar part of the occipital bone

115
Q

What will innervate the longus capitis?

A

Ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

116
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitis anterior?

A

Lateral mass and costal element of the transverse process of C1

117
Q

What is the insertion of recuts capitis anterior?

A

Basilar part of the occipital bone

118
Q

What will innervate the rectus capitis anterior?

A

Ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

119
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Costal element of the transverse process of C1

120
Q

Contraction of rectus capitis lateralis will result in what movements?

A

Laterally flex the head to the ipsilateral side

121
Q

What will innervate the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

122
Q

What is the origin of the anterior scalene?

A

Anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6

123
Q

What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?

A

ridge and anterior scalene tubercle of the first rib

124
Q

What will innervate the anterior scalene?

A

Ventral rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

125
Q

What is the origin of the middle scalene?

A

Transverse processes of C1, C2 and Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C7

126
Q

What is the insertion of the middle scalene?

A

Between the tubercle and groove for the subclavian artery on the first rib

127
Q

What will innervate the middle scalene?

A

Ventral rami of C3-C6 spinal nerves

128
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Jugular process of the occipital bone

129
Q

Contraction of anterior scalene will result in what movements?

A

Flexion and lateral flexion (bending) of the neck
rotation of cervicals to the contralateral side
elevates first rib.

130
Q

Contraction of middle scalene will result in what movements?

A

Laterally flex the neck

elevate the first rib

131
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior scalene?

A

Outer surface of second rib

132
Q

Contraction of posterior scalene will result in what movement?

A

Laterally flex the neck

Elevates the second rib

133
Q

What will innervate the posterior scalene?

A

Ventral rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves

134
Q

Which muscle is said to form the iliolumbar ligament?

A

quadratus lumborum

135
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an origin to the quadratus lumborum?

A

transverse process of L5

136
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Transverse tubercle of the transverse process of L1-L4 and 12th rib

137
Q

What will innervate the quadratus lumborum?

A

Ventral rami of T12 and L1-L3 or L4 spinal nerves

138
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

Vertebral bodies T12, L1-L5, S1 and transverse processes of L1-L5

139
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

140
Q

What will innervate the psoas major?

A

Primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3, may include ventral rami of L1 and L4 spinal nerves

141
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

Vertebral bodies T12, L1

142
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas minor?

A

Iliopubic eminence of the innominate bone

143
Q

Contraction of psoas minor will result in what movements?

A

Weakly flexes trunk

144
Q

What will innervate the psoas minor?

A

Ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerves

145
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an origin to the Iliacus?

A

Superolateral margin of sacrum

146
Q

What non-vertebral column site serves as an origin to the Iliacus?

A

Iliac crest

Upper two-thirds of the iliac fossa of the innominate bone

147
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

148
Q

What will innervate the Iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve, primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3

149
Q

What will innervate the levator Costarum brevis?

A

Dorsal rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves

150
Q

What is the origin of the levator Costarum longus?

A

Transverse tubercles of transverse processes form T7-T10

151
Q

What is the insertion of the levator Costarum longus?

A

Near costal angle of rib 9-12

152
Q

Contraction of levator Costarum longus will result in what movements?

A

Elevate the rib,

Collectively may laterally flex and rotate trunk

153
Q

What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Spinous tubercles of spinous processes form C7, T1,T2, possibly T3

154
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Upper outer border of rib 2-5

155
Q

What will innervate the serratus posterior superior?

A

Ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves…Intercostal

156
Q

What is the origin of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

Spinous tubercles of spinous processes from T11, T12, L1, L2 and POSSIBLY L3.

157
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

Inferior outer border of ribs 9-12

158
Q

Contraction of serratus posterior inferior will result in what movements?

A

Draws lower 4 ribs down and back, forced inspiration

159
Q

What are the characteristics of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?

A

1) Limited motion
2) Median plane location
3) Support ligaments both anterior and posterior to the joint
4) More permanent in longevity than synchondrosis and they occur between bones developing by endochondral ossification

160
Q

Contraction of levator Costarum brevis will result in what movements?

A

Elevate the rib

Collectively may laterally flex and rotate trunk

161
Q

What will innervate the levator Costarum longus?

A

Dorsal rami of the lower thoracic spinal nerves

162
Q

Contraction of serratus posterior superior will result in what movements?

A

Elevate the upper outer border of rib 1-5 in inspiration

Spinal TRI 2 (13 decks)

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