Unit 15, The Head (Final exam) Flashcards
What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?
Chondrocranium
Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
1) Mandible
2) Sphenoid
3) Temporal
4) Occipital
Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
Clavicle
What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?
1) Suture
2) Gomphosis
3) Schindylesis
4) Syndesmosis
What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)
Sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification.
What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?
Sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification.
What is the classification of a joint with a “fissure-like” condition?
Schindylesis
What is the classification of a joint with a “nail-like” condition?
Gomphosis
What is the name given to the indention of bone between the nasal and frontal bones?
Nasion
What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?
Piriform aperture
What is the name given to the aveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?
Canine eminence
What forms a bullet-like chin?
Large mental protuberance
What forms an indented chin?
Well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance
What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?
The INION
What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?
The Pterion
What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the mastoid process called?
The Asterion
What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?
1) Nasion
2) Vertex
3) Inion
4) Gnathion
What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?
1) Nasion
2) Vertex
3) Inion
What is the appearance of the suture intersections over the hard palate called?
Cruciate or Cruciform suture
What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?
Line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid,
Anterior clinoid processes, and sphenoidal jugum.
An emissary vein leaves the anterior cranial fossa via what opening?
Foramen Cecum
What is the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?
Superior border of petrous part of temporal bone,
Posterior clinoid processes and dorsum sella of sphenoid bone
What passes through the cribriform plate?
Fila Olfactoria of cranial nerve 1, Olfactory nerve
What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the middle cranial fossa?
Sella turcica
Which cranial nerves exit the skull via middle cranial fossa ostia?
Cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI
What are the contents of the optic canal?
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?
1) Ophthalmic veins
2) Oculomotor nerve
3) Trochlear nerve
4) Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
4) Abducent nerve
Which single opening will allow the exit of the greatest number of cranial nerves?
Superior orbital fissure
What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?
They do not share the same opening.
Ophthalmic artery—-optic canal
Ophthalmic vein—- superior orbital fissure
What are the contents of the foramen ovale?
1) Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc)
2) Lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?
1) Nervus spinosus from the mandiblular division of the trigeminal nerve.
2) Middle meningeal artery
What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?
Tentorium cerebelli
What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?
1) Cerebellum
2) Pons
3) Medulla Oblongata
What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the posterior cranial fossa?
Clivus or basilar part of the occipital bone
Which cranial nerves exit posterior cranial fossa ostia?
VII (facial) VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory) IX (glossopharyngeal) X (vagus) XI (spinal accessory) XII (Hypoglossal)
What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?
VII (facial)
VIII (Vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve)
Nervus intermedius/ nerve of wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII,
Vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal/ auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein.
What are the contents of the jugular foramen?
1) Jugular bulb
2) Inferior petrosal sinus
3) Tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/glomus
4) IX (glossopharyngeal)
5) X (vagus)
6) XI (spinal accessory)
What can the five layers of the scalp spell?
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum
What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?
Internal carotid A.
External carotid A.
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?
All 3.
1) Ophthalmic 2) Maxillary 3) Mandibular
What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?
Muscular component of the scalp
What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?
1) Frontalis belly epicranius
2) Occipitalis belly epicranius
The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?
Galea aponeurotica
What specific nerves provide motor control to the scalp muscle?
Facial nerve: Posterior auricular and temporal branches
What is unusual/unique about the muscles of the face?
They do not act as lever muscle.
They do not attach bone to bone.
Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?
Orbicularis Oris
Procerus
Risorius
What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?
Branchial efferent (BE)
