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Spinal TRI 2 > Unit 4 Basic Osteology of Vertebral Column, Sternum and Ribs > Flashcards

Unit 4 Basic Osteology of Vertebral Column, Sternum and Ribs Flashcards

1
Q

What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?

A

Anterior Tubercle

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2
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

Fovea Dentis

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3
Q

What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?

A

Lateral Mass

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4
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

Tubercle of the transverse atlantal ligament

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5
Q

What is identified in the midline at the back of the posterior arch of C1?

A

Posterior Tubercle of the posterior arch

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6
Q

What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of C1 present near the lateral mass?

A

Groove/Sulcus for the vertebral artery

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7
Q

What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

Arcuate rim

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8
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?

A

Complete Ponticulus Posticus

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9
Q

Based on the amount of bony union between the superior articular process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?

A

incomplete Ponticulus Posticus
or
Complete PP

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10
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the Ponticulus Posticus?

A

Arcuate Foramen
or
Retroarticular Canal

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11
Q

What is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?

A

Inferior vertebral Notch

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12
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process of C1?

A

Costal element

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13
Q

What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?

A

True Transverse process

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14
Q

What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?

A

Posterior Tubercle of the transverse process

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15
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

A

Dens/Odontoid process

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16
Q

What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?

A

Facet for Fovea Dentis

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17
Q

What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?

A

Groove for the transverse atlantal ligament

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18
Q

What feature is identified on the superolateral margins of the odontoid process of C2?

A

Attachment sites for alar ligaments

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19
Q

What feature is identified on the tip of the odontoid process of C2?

A

Attachment site for the apical-dental ligament.

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20
Q

What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the vertebral body of C2

A

Anterior Lip

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21
Q

What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

A

Posterior Lip

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22
Q

What features are present at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

A

Right at Left lateral grooves

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23
Q

What features arise from the posterolateral margins of the vertebral body of C2?

A

Pedicles

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24
Q

What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

Superior Articular process

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25
Q

What is the location of the superior vertebral incisure/notch of C2?

A

On the lamina-pedicle junction

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26
Q

What feature is identified on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

Inferior vertebral notch/Incisure

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27
Q

What is the location of the inferior articular process of C2?

A

On the lamina-pedicle junction behind the inferior vertebral notch.

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28
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present on C2? Give location for each as well.

A

Costal element—–Anterior
Posterior tubercle—- Most Distal
True transverse process—-Posterior

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29
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?

A

Bifid

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30
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior Groove
Posterior Groove
Right and Left Uncinate process

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31
Q

What are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical? give all names.

A 
Uncinate process
Unciform process
uncovertebral process
uncus
lateral lip
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32
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior lips
Posterior lips
Lateral grooves

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33
Q

What attaches to the posterolateral margin and in the center of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

Pedicle

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34
Q

What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?

A

Articular Pillar

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35
Q

What is located at the top and bottom of the articular pillar?

A

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

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36
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

A

Groove/Sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve.

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37
Q

What bone feature is attached to the posterior part of the articular pillar?

A

Lamina

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38
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

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39
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

Para-articular process

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40
Q

What parts of the typical cervical vertebra is the transverse process attached to?

A

Vertebral Body

Articular Pillar

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41
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

A 
Costal element
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar
Posterior Tubercle
True Transvers process
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42
Q

What bony feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

Costotransverse bar
or
intertubercular lamina

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43
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

Sulcus for the Ventral Primary Ramus of a cervical spinal nerve.

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44
Q

What is the name given to the modifications of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

Carotid Tubercle

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45
Q

What is the main difference between a Caucasian and African-Americans cervical spinous processes?

A

Caucasian—Bifid

African-Americans— non-bifid

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46
Q

What surfaces are present on the superior epiphyseal rim of the vertebral body of C7?

A

Anterior groove
Posterior groove
Uncinate process

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47
Q

What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of C7?

A

Typically Flat

lacking Anterior and Posterior lips

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48
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?

A 
Costal Element
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar
Posterior tubercle
True transverse process
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49
Q

What are the features of the spinous process of C7?

A

Long
Horizontal
Non-Bifid

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50
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

Vertebral Body
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process

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51
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T2-T4 groups?

A

Vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides.

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52
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

A

The left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex.

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53
Q

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

Aortic impression

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54
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

The left side Superior and Inferior epiphyseal rims

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55
Q

What is present at the tip of the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A

Transverse Tubercle

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56
Q

What is the distance between the transverse tubercles in the typical thoracic region?

A

From T2 each Transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior.

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57
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?

A

Transverse costal Facet

58
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 region?

A

Superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the Inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment.

59
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T5-T8 region?

A

Superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the Inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment.

60
Q

What name is given to the region between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical thoracics?

A

Pars Interarticularis

61
Q

What part of a vertebra arises laterally from the pars Interarticularis?

A

Transverse Process

62
Q

What part of a vertebra arises medially form the pars Interarticularis?

63
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

A

Slant backward and downward

64
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process of T2-T4?

A

Undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane

65
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process of T5-T8?

A

Undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane

66
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of T1 from superior view?

A

somewhat rectangular with curved anterior margins

67
Q

What is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T1?

A

somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin.

68
Q

What surfaces are present on the upper and lower margins of the T1 vertebral body?

A

Right/Left superior Costal Facet

Right/Left Inferior Costal Demi-Facet

69
Q

What is the direction of the transverse process at T1?

A

Transverse process projects nearly straight out laterally.

70
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of T1?

A

Transverse costal facet

71
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process of T1?

A

Undersurface of the T1 spinous processes will be nearly horizontal.

72
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T9?

A

Right/Left superior costal demi-facet

Right/Left Inferior costal demi-facet

73
Q

Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body T9?

A

Inferior costal demi-facet

74
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of T9?

A

Transverse costal facet

75
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T9?

A

Posterior and slightly inferior.

Shortens and becomes more Horizontal.

76
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T10?

A

Right/Left superior Costal facet

77
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent form the vertebral body of T10?

A

Inferior costal demi-facets

78
Q

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T10?

A

Pedicle arises form the upper third of the vertebral body.

Projects posterior and slightly lateral.

79
Q

What part of the transverse process may be absent on T10?

A

Transverse costal facet

80
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T10?

A

Posterior and slightly inferior.

It will shorten and become more horizontal.

81
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body T11?

A

Right/Left Superior Costal Facet

82
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body T11?

A

Inferior costal demi-facets

83
Q

What part of the transverse process is absent on T11?

A

Transverse costal facet

84
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T11?

A

Posterior and horizontal along the undersurface.

85
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T12?

A

Right/Left superior Costal Facet.

86
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T12?

A

Inferior costal demi-facets.

87
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?

A

Lateral Tubercle

88
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbars?

A

Superior Tubercle

89
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?

A

Inferior Tubercle

90
Q

Which is the smallest of the tubercles at the transverse process region of T12?

A

Inferior tubercle

91
Q

What joint surface of the typical thoracic transverse process is absent on T12?

A

Transverse Costal facet

92
Q

What is the curvature of the superior articular facets of a T12?

A

Slightly conCAVE

93
Q

What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?

A

Significantly ConVEX

94
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T12?

A

Posterior and Horizontal

95
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

Accessory Process

96
Q

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical lumbar vertebrae?

A

Pars Interarticularis

97
Q

What is the characteristic of the L1-L4 articular processes?

A

The transverse diameter (width between/distance between) superior articular processes of an L1-L4 segment will be GREATER than the transverse diameter (Width between/distance between) the inferior articular processes of the same segment.

98
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

A

Mammillary process

99
Q

What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment?

A

Cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on L1-L4 segment.
At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region.

100
Q

What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process?

A

Directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes.

101
Q

What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult sacrum?

A

5 segments

102
Q

What forms the median sacral crest?

A

Fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles.

103
Q

What forms the intermediate crest?

A

Fused articular processes and their facets.

104
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

Mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5.

105
Q

What does the sacral cornu represent?

A

Inferior articular process and facet of S5.

106
Q

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

A

Sacral Hiatus

107
Q

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

A

Fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from S1 to S5.

108
Q

What is the sacral tuberosity?

A

Enlarged tubercle of S2

109
Q

What feature is associated with the transvers tubercle of S5?

A

inferior and Lateral (inferolateral) Sacral Angle

110
Q

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?

A

Transverse Ridges

111
Q

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

A

Auricular surface

112
Q

What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

A

Sacral Promontory

113
Q

What is a sacral promontory?

A

Bulging anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1.

114
Q

What is the name given to the region of bone extending laterally from the S1 vertebral body looking form the base view?

A

Sacral Ala

115
Q

What forms the sacral ala?

A

costal element and true transverse process

116
Q

What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?

A

4 Segments

117
Q

What bony features are present on the coccyx?

A

All segments are represented by a “vertebral body”; in addition, Co1 has a coccygeal cornu and transverse process.

118
Q

What is the homolog of the superior articular process and facet on Co1?

A

Coccygeal Cornu

119
Q

What feature is present at the top of the manubrium sterni?

A

Jugular Notch (suprasternal notch)

120
Q

What is the name given to the articular site at the superolateral margin of the manubrium sterni?

A

Clavicular notch

121
Q

What names are given to the articular sites for the joint with the first and second rib?

A

Costal notch I for the first rib costal cartilages;

Costal notch II for the second rib costal cartilage

122
Q

How many sternabrae for the corpus sterni?

A

4 sternabrae

123
Q

What surface feature on the corpus sterni identifies the location of the old synchondrosis?

A

Transverse lines

124
Q

What articular sites for the costal cartilage of ribs will be identified on the corpus sterni?

A

Costal notches II-IV

125
Q

What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of a typical rib?

A

Head
Neck
Tubercle

126
Q

What features may be identified on the head of a typical rib?

A

Two articular surfaces

Interarticular crest

127
Q

Name the two articular surfaces on the head and the feature that separates it.

A

Superior articular surface/facet
Inferior articular surface/facet
Interarticular Crest

128
Q

What features may be identified on the tubercle of a typical rib?

A

Articular surface of the tubercle

Non-articular surface of the tubercle

129
Q

Which feature of the tubercle of a typical rib is closet to the head of the rib?

A

Articular surface of the tubercle

130
Q

What features may be identified on the body?

A

Costal angle

Costal Groove

131
Q

What is present on the head of the first rib?

A

single articular surface

132
Q

Is there a crest on the neck of the first rib?

A

not a well-developed one like on the typical rib.

133
Q

Which groove on the body (corpus/shaft? of the first rib is close to the vertebral end?

A

The groove for the subclavian artery and the first thoracic nerve

134
Q

Which groove on the body (corpus/shaft) of the first rib is close to the sternal end?

A

The groove for the subclavian vein.

135
Q

Is either the costal angle or costal groove apparent on the first rib?

A

Neither the costal angle nor the costal groove are apparent on the first rib.

136
Q

What features may be identified on the head of rib 2?

A

Two articular surfaces and the Interarticular crest.

137
Q

What feature may be identified on the neck of rib 2?

A

The crest of the rib

138
Q

What features may be identified on the body (corpus/shaft) of rib 2?

A

Tuberosity for the serratus anterior
Costal angle
Costal groove

139
Q

What distinguishes the vertebral end of rib 11 from typical ribs?

A

Single articular surface, absence of a well-developed crest on the neck and the tubercle may be absent or if present, consist only of a non-articular surface

140
Q

What features may be present on the body (corpus/shaft) of rib 11?

A

Costal angle and Costal groove are underdeveloped.

141
Q

What helps to distinguish the vertebral end of the twelfth rib from other ribs?

A

Head has a single articular surface.
Crest of neck is poorly developed
Tubercle is absent

142
Q

What is the condition of the body (corpus/shaft) of rib 12?

A

Costal angle and Costal groove are absent and it is the shortest of all ribs

Spinal TRI 2 (13 decks)

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