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Spinal TRI 2 > Unit 5 Introduction to Basic Arthrology > Flashcards

Unit 5 Introduction to Basic Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What term is used to identify the study of joints?

A

Arthrology

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2
Q

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

A

Syndesmology

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3
Q

What are the three histological classifications of joints based on movement potential?

A

1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous
3) Synovial Fluid

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4
Q

What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potential?

A

1) Synarthrosis
2) Diarthrosis
3) Amphiarthrosis

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5
Q

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

A

Arthrodia

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6
Q

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

A

Ginglymus

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7
Q

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

A

Trochoid

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8
Q

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

A

Condylar or bicondylar

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9
Q

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

A

ellipsoidal

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10
Q

What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?

A

Sellar

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

Primary Cartilage joints
Temporary in Longevity

Composed of Hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers w/in a cartilage template.

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12
Q

Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?

A

(Amphiarthrosis) Symphysis

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13
Q

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

A

Articular or fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
articular cartilage and Synovial fluid.

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14
Q

What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?

A

most Zygapophyses of the vertebral column.

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15
Q

What is an example of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?

A

median atlanto-axial ligament

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16
Q

What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

A

Osseous pivot point and an Osteo-ligamentous ring

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17
Q

What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?

A

Joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint

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18
Q

What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint

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19
Q

What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

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20
Q

Which synovial classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?

A

Ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints

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21
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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22
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

Manatee, Two-toed sloth

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23
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters.

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24
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

intervertebral disc height

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25
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

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26
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

Uncinate process, Unciform process, Uncovertebral process, Uncus or Lateral Lip

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27
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior Lip
Posterior Lip
Right and Left lateral grooves

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28
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior longitudinal ligament-anterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

29
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior longitudinal ligament-posterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

30
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

31
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

32
Q

How many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of atypical cervical?

A

Ten

33
Q

How many total synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

four

34
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

It appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion– extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

35
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

Longus colli muscle

36
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

A

Posterolateral, 45 degree

37
Q

What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?

A

Posteromedially

38
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?

A

Ligamentum flavum

39
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

40
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

Para-articular processes

41
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

Accessory Bone

42
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals?

A

transverse

43
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at?

A

C6

44
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

45
Q

What osseous parts form the typical cervical vertebra transverse process?

A 
Costal element
Anterior tubercle,
Costotransverse bar
Posterior tubercle
True transverse process
46
Q

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior scalene, Longus capitis, Longus Colli, Anterior intertransversarii

47
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of atypical cervical vertebra?

A 
Splenius cervicis
Iliocostalis cervicis
Longissimus cervicis
Levator scapula
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene
Rotators 
Posterior intertransversarii
48
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

middle scalene

Posterior intertransversarii

49
Q

What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions?

A

cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexus

50
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

Sulcus for the Ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve.

51
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of atypical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane.

52
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

Carotid tubercle

53
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral artery
Vertebral venous plexus
postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

54
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

A

the groove for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

55
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40-45 degrees from the coronal plane

56
Q

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

A

55-60 degrees

57
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

BUM— Backward, Upward, Medial

58
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

FoLD— Forward, Lateral, Downward

59
Q

What muscles will attach to typical cervical aricular processes?

A 
Longissimus Capitis
Longissimus Cervicis
Semispinalis Capitis
Semispinalis Cervicis 
Multifidis and Rotator Longus
60
Q

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophysis?

A

Semispinalis Capitis
Multifidis
Rotator Longus

61
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

Meniscoidal Folds

62
Q

The greatest range of flexion - extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

63
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

Lateral bend

Axial rotation

64
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couple?

A

C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

65
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

66
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

They are Bifid

67
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

They are Non-bifid

68
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A 
Spinalis Cervicis
Semispinalis Cervicis
Semispinalis Thoracis
Multifidis
Rotator
Interspinalis
69
Q

What ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

Interspinous ligament

Ligamentum Nuchae

Spinal TRI 2 (13 decks)

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