Unit 9: Part 2

Question 1

Stranger anxiety

Answer 1

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning at 8 months

Question 2

Attachment

Answer 2

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and show distress in separation

Question 3

Harry Harlow

Answer 3

Experimented with monkeys and found monkeys preferred the comfy mother

Question 4

Critical period

Answer 4

An optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development

Question 5

Imprinting

Answer 5

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments

Question 6

Strange situation

Answer 6

a procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions
are observed

Question 7

Secure attachment

Answer 7

demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver’s return

Question 8

Insecure attachment

Answer 8

demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant
attachment that resists closeness

Question 9

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 9

Designed strange situation experiment

Question 10

Temperament

Answer 10

a person’s innate and inborn characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 11

Basic trust

Answer 11

a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Question 12

Self-concept

Answer 12

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, “who am I?”

Question 13

Authoritarian style

Answer 13

Impose rules and demand obedience

Question 14

Permissive style

Answer 14

Set few limits, make few demands and use little punishment

Question 15

Negligent style

Answer 15

Careless, inattentive and do not seek a close relationship with children

Question 16

Authoritative style

Answer 16

Set rules but allow open discussion and exception

Question 17

Sex

Answer 17

The biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

Question 18

Gender

Answer 18

The socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl, man, and woman

Question 19

Aggression

Answer 19

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone emotionally or physically

Question 20

Relational aggression

Answer 20

An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing

Question 21

Role

Answer 21

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

Question 22

Gender role

Answer 22

A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females

Question 23

Gender identity

Answer 23

Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two

Question 24

Social learning theory

Answer 24

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing or imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Question 25

Gender typing

Answer 25

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Question 26

Androgyny

Answer 26

Displaying both traditional masculine or feminine psychological characteristics

Question 27

Transgender

Answer 27

An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex