Unit 7: Part 1 Flashcards
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Recall
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as in a fill-in-the-blank test
Recognition
A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test
Relearning
A measure of memory that accesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
Hermann Ebbinghaus
He is a memory researcher famous for designing the retention curve (as rehearsal time increases; relearning time decreases)
Encoding
The process of getting information into the memory system
Storage
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Parallel processing
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in memory system
Short-term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
Long-term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Working memory
A newer understanding of short term memory that’s adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information and information retrieved from the long term memory
Explicit memory (declarative memory)
The retention of facts and experiences from long term memory that one consciously knows and “declares”
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency and of well learned information such as word meaning
Implicit memory (procedural memory)
Retention of learned skills of classically conditioned associations in long term memory independent of conscious recollection
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture image lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Echoic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds
George Miller
Proposed that we can store (7 +- 2 items) in short term memory
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occur automatically
Mnemonics
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Spacing effect
Tendency for distributed study practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice
Testing effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving rather than rereading information (MC questions at end of each module)
