Unit 10: Part 1

Question 1

Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

Created psychodynamic and psychoanalysis theories of personality

Question 2

Personality

Answer 2

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling or acting

Question 3

Psychodynamic theories

Answer 3

Views human personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood memories

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts - seeks to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 5

Unconscious

Answer 5

A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories

Question 6

Free association

Answer 6

Method to get patients to say whatever comes to their minds to tap the unconscious

Question 7

Id

Answer 7

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

Question 8

Ego

Answer 8

The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediated among the demands of the Id, superego, and reality

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgements (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Question 10

Psychosexual stages

Answer 10

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct exogenous

Question 11

Oedipus Complex for males/ Electra Complex (females)

Answer 11

Boys develop both unconscious sexual desires for their mother and jealously and hatred for their father, whom they consider a rival

Question 12

Identification

Answer 12

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

Question 13

Fixation

Answer 13

In psychoanalytic theory, according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

Question 14

Defense mechanism

Answer 14

The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 15

Repression

Answer 15

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banished from conscious anxiety - a rousing thoughts, feelings and memories

Question 16

Reaction formation

Answer 16

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. People may express feelings opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings

Question 17

Projection

Answer 17

When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 18

Regression

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantine psychosexual stage, where some psychic energies remain

Question 19

Rationalization

Answer 19

Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in the place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Question 20

Displacement

Answer 20

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

Question 21

Sublimation

Answer 21

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives

Question 22

Denial

Answer 22

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities (future plans, breakups, death)

Question 23

Alfred Adler

Answer 23

Inferiority Complex idea

Question 24

Karen Horney

Answer 24

Said childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security

Question 25

Carl Jung

Answer 25

Believed unconscious contains more than repressed memory thoughts and feelings, collective unconscious

Question 26

Collective unconscious

Answer 26

A shared, inherited reservoir of memory traced from our species history

Question 27

Projective test

Answer 27

A personality test that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

Question 28

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 28

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 29

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 29

The widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designs by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Question 30

Terror-management theory

Answer 30

A theory of death-related anxiety; explores peoples emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death