Unit 10: Part 2 Flashcards
Humanistic theories
Views personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
Abraham Maslow
Founding father of the humanistic perspective
Hierarchy of Needs
Begins at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Self-actualization
The process of fulfilling our potential
Self-transcendence
Finding the meaning, purpose and identity beyond the self
Carl Rogers
Person-centered perspective focused on a growth-promoting social climate—one that provides acceptance, genuineness, and empathy
Unconditional positive regard
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
Self-concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, “who am I?”
Trait
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
Gordon Allport
Traits theories approach
Personality inventory
An objective questionnaire (often with true/false or agree/disagree items) on which people respond to item designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
The most widely researched and clinically used of all objective personality tests
The Big Five Personality Factors (CANOE)
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion- offers most clear picture of personality
Social-cognitive perspective
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits (includes their thinking) and social context
Albert Bandura
Researcher famous for work in observational or social learning, Bobo doll experiment
Behavioral approach
Focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
Reciprocal determinism
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment
Self
In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions
Spotlight effect
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)
Self-esteem
Ones’ feelings of high or low self-worth
Self-efficiency
Ones sense of competence and effectiveness
Self-serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
Narcissism
Excessive self-love and self-absorption
Individualism
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (work or family group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
