Unit 8: Part 1

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

A complex behavior that must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 3

Instinct theory

Answer 3

Views our instincts as the source of our motivations

Question 4

Physiological need

Answer 4

A basic bodily requirement

Question 5

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 5

The idea that a physiological need created an arousal state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Question 7

Incentive

Answer 7

Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 8

Arousal theory

Answer 8

Theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing and decreasing stimulation

Question 9

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 9

The principle that performance increases with arousal up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

Question 10

Abraham Maslow

Answer 10

Founder of humanistic perspective. He theorized that human needs are hierarchical - some have priority over others

Question 11

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 11

Begins with the base of physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Question 12

Glucose

Answer 12

The form of sugar that is circulated in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

Question 13

Set point

Answer 13

The point (weight) at which your “weight thermostat” may be set (fixed)

Question 14

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 14

The body’s resting rate of energy output

Question 15

Obesity

Answer 15

Body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher

Question 16

Asexual

Answer 16

Having no sexual attraction to others

Question 17

Testosterone

Answer 17

The most important male sex hormone

Question 18

Estrogens

Answer 18

Sex hormone, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and is secreted more in females

Question 19

Sexual response cycle

Answer 19

The 4 stages of sexual responding by William masters and virgins Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 20

Refractory Period

Answer 20

In human sexuality, a resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 21

Affiliation need

Answer 21

The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

Question 22

Ostracism

Answer 22

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Question 23

Narcissism

Answer 23

Excessive self-love and self-absorption

Question 24

Achievement motivation

Answer 24

A desire for significant accomplishment for mastery of skills or ideas, for control and for attaining a high standard

Question 25

Grit

Answer 25

Passion or perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals