Unit 8: Part 1 Flashcards
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Instinct
A complex behavior that must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and is unlearned
Instinct theory
Views our instincts as the source of our motivations
Physiological need
A basic bodily requirement
Drive-reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need created an arousal state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
Incentive
Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Arousal theory
Theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing and decreasing stimulation
Yerkes-Dodson Law
The principle that performance increases with arousal up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Abraham Maslow
Founder of humanistic perspective. He theorized that human needs are hierarchical - some have priority over others
Hierarchy of needs
Begins with the base of physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Glucose
The form of sugar that is circulated in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
Set point
The point (weight) at which your “weight thermostat” may be set (fixed)
Basal metabolic rate
The body’s resting rate of energy output
Obesity
Body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher
Asexual
Having no sexual attraction to others
Testosterone
The most important male sex hormone
Estrogens
Sex hormone, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and is secreted more in females
Sexual response cycle
The 4 stages of sexual responding by William masters and virgins Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Refractory Period
In human sexuality, a resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm
Affiliation need
The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
Ostracism
Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
Narcissism
Excessive self-love and self-absorption
Achievement motivation
A desire for significant accomplishment for mastery of skills or ideas, for control and for attaining a high standard
Grit
Passion or perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
