Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Unit 9 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of the integumentary system

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the integumentary consist of

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
  • muscles (goosebumps)
  • sense receptors (nervous)
  • hypodermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • layer below the skin
  • not a layer of the skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Layers of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis - outermost layer (superficial)
  2. Dermis - deep layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epidermis tissue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epidermis sub-layers

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the epidermis sub-layers based on

A

Cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stratum basale of epidermis

A
  • single row of cells (one layer)
  • deepest layer
  • consists of
    1. Keratinocytes (90% of skin)
    2. Melanocytes (10 % of skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • actively undergo mitosis (shedding skin)
  • makes keratin
  • pushed towards the surface as new cells are produced in basale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Keratin

A
  • tough protein
  • give skin protective feature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • produce pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
  • skin colour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do melanocytes protect us from

A
  • sunburns
  • wrinkles (collagen damage)
  • cancer (DNA damage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do people have different skin colours

A
  • we all have the same relative number of melanocytes, but some cells produce different amounts and/or shades of melanin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can blood (hemoglobin) in the dermis do

A

Give a pinkish tinge to fair skinned people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Skin colour in relation to sunlight

A
  • people exposed to lots of sun will usually be darker in skin colour
  • this is because of evolution over time, darker skin helps to protect those who live near the equator from getting skin damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  • low levels of mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does the stratum granulosum consist of living or dead cells

A
  • last layer of living cells
  • no mitosis occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Granules in Stratum granulosum

A
  • help produce keratin (strength)
  • start to produce waterproofing glycolipids (prevents water loss)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does the Stratum lucidum consist of dead or living cells

A
  • first layer of dead cells
  • no mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the stratum lucidum found

A

ONLY IN THICK SKIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why are the cells in the stratum lucidum dead

A

They are too far from the blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stratum corneum cells

A
  • many layers of flat, dead cells filled with keratin
  • shed and replaced from below
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What makes the stratum corneum waterproof

A
  • glycolipids between cells
  • this prevents water loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the dermis contain

A
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
  • glands
  • hair follicles
  • arrest or pili muscles (smooth muscle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Layers of the dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer
  2. Reticular layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the Papillary layer of dermis connected to

A

The epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What kind of tissue is the papillary layer of the dermis made of

A

Areolar connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is the papillary layer of dermis vascular or avascular

A

Vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dermal papillae

A
  • projection into epidermis from papillary layer
  • made of Areolar connective tissue
  • in thick skin these form epidermal ridges (fingerprints - improve grip)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where is the reticular layer of dermis

A

Between papillary layer of dermis and hypodermis

32
Q

What forms most of the dermis

A

Reticular layer

33
Q

What kind of tissue is the reticular layer of the dermis made of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

34
Q

What causes the look of stretch marks

A
  • tears in collagen in reticular layer
35
Q

What does the thickness of skin refer to

A

The epidermis (not the dermis)

36
Q

Characteristics of thin skin

A
  • covers most of body
  • no stratum lucidum
37
Q

What does thin skin consist of

A
  • hair follicles
  • sebaceous glands
  • arrector pili muscles
38
Q

Where is thick skin found

A
  • on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot
39
Q

What does thick skin have that thin skin doesn’t have

A

A stratum lucidum

40
Q

What does thick skin consist of

A

NO!!!!!
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- arrector pili muscles

41
Q

What things are derived (formed) from the epidermis

A
  1. Hair
  2. Nails
  3. Skin exocrine glands
42
Q

Are hair cells living or dead

A

All dead

43
Q

What is the hair root

A

The part of the hair that is embedded in the skin

44
Q

What is the hair shaft

A

The visible part of the hair that is above the surface of the skin

45
Q

What is the hair follicle

A

Surrounds the root of the hair
1. Epithelial tooth sheath- several epidermal layers extended into the dermis
2. Bulb- expanded region at base of root
3. Matrix- single layer of cells

46
Q

What is the matrix of the hair follicle the site of

A

Hair growth and melanin for hair colour

47
Q

Outer CT sheath of hair follicle

A

Holds follicle in place
- formed from the dermis

48
Q

Hair papilla

A

Extends upward beneath matrix
- contains blood supply for growing hair
- formed from dermis

49
Q

Hair root plexus

A

Free nerve ending (touch)

50
Q

Sebaceous (oil) gland

A

Opens into follicle

51
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A
  • smooth muscle
  • causes goosebumps
52
Q

What are nails

A

Very heavily keratinized epidermal cells

53
Q

What do nails consist of

A
  1. Nail root (buried in skin)
  2. Body (visible portion)
  3. Free edge
54
Q

Types of skin exocrine glands

A
  1. Sebaceous glands
  2. Sudoriferous glands
  3. Ceruminous glands
  4. Mammary glands
55
Q

Where are sebaceous glands mainly connected to

A

Hair follicles

56
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete

A

Sebum (oil)
- mix of fats, salts and proteins
- softens, lubricates hair and skin
- prevents drying out
- antibiotic

57
Q

What do Sudoriferous glands secrete

A

Sweat

58
Q

Where are Sudoriferous glands located

A

Secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin

59
Q

Where do Sudoriferous glands ducts open to

A

The skin surface

60
Q

Functions of Sudoriferous glands

A
  • temperature regulation (cool the body)
  • antibiotic action (due to sweat being acidic)
  • waste removal (ex. Urea)
61
Q

What are ceruminous glands

A

Modified sweat glands

62
Q

Where are ceruminous glands found

A

In ear Canal

63
Q

What do ceruminous glands produce

A

Ear wax
- prevents insects etc from entering

64
Q

What are mammary glands

A

Modified sweat glands

65
Q

What do mammary glands produce

A

Milk

66
Q

What are sensory receptors

A
  • sensory neuron (part of the nervous system)
  • specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp, pain)
67
Q

Types of sense receptors

A
  1. Touch receptors
  2. Pressure receptors
  3. Thermoreceptors
  4. Nociceptors
68
Q

Touch receptors

A
  • most major type
  • consist of:
    1. Free nerve endings (in epidermis)
    2. Root hair plexuses (nerve ending at end of hair follicles)
    3. Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
  • found under dermis
  • in dermal papillae
  • corpuscle is a CT capsule surrounding a nerve end
69
Q

Pressure receptors

A

Consist of:
1. Free nerve endings (in dermis)
2. Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
- looks like onion through microscope
- deep in dermis or hypodermis

70
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

free nerve endings for temperature

71
Q

Nociceptors

A

Free nerve endings for pain

72
Q

Burns

A
  • 1st and second degree burns hurt more because Nociceptors are still intact
  • 3rd degree burns destroy Nociceptors, causing lack of pain sensation in affected areas
73
Q

Hypodermis

A

NOT a part of the skin
- layer under the skin

74
Q

Another name for hypodermis

A

Superficial fascia
- fascia= CT layers that surround and support organs

75
Q

What kind of tissue is the hypodermis made of

A

Adipose CT below skin that stores half of the body’s adipose tissue (insulation, fat)

76
Q

Albinism

A

Lack of melanin production my melanocytes

77
Q

Psoriasis

A
  • autoimmune disorder that causes accelerated mitosis of keratinocytes in the stratum basale
  • accelerated cell cycle delays maturation and differentiation of keratinocytes
  • immature keratinocytes accumulate in the epidermis and the stratum corneum fails to shed, resulting in a thick scaly area on the surface of the skin

Anatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions