Unit 9 Grammar Structures Flashcards
Positive potential form
Can or is able to …
How do you make the potential form with weak ichidan verbs?
e.g たべる
Drop the る and add られる
How do you make the potential form of strong godan verbs？
e.g およぐ
Replace the last hiragana of the verb with the ‘え’ version of it and ADD る
E.g. およぐ > およげる
What do you use instead of を in sentences where you use potential form？
が or は
e.g. かんじが書けます
What is the potential form of する？
できる
Saying ‘while’ referring to a specific period of time
間
間に
What is the structure of 間？
Verb て form + いる + 間
OR
Noun + の + 間
How do you say “Before…”
～ないうちに
e.g. 雨がふらないうちに帰ろう。
Let’s go home before it rains
What are the two ways of saying “If…” ?
～なら
～ば (Used with verbs and adjectives)
What is the positive verb structure of ば ?
Replace the last hiragana of a PLAIN FORM verb with the ‘え’ version of it and ADD ば
e.g.
食べる ➝ 食べれば
(To eat) (If you eat)
What is the negative verb structure of ば ?
verb negative plain + drop い + ければ
e.g.
食べる ➝ 食べなければ
To eat If (you) don’t eat
What is the structure for giving advice to someone on what they SHOULD do?
～た方がいい
Literally: ‘You’d better do __’
What is the structure for giving advice to someone on what they SHOULD NOT to do?
～ない方がいい
What is the structure of ～た方がいい?
Verb PLAIN PAST form (ta form) + 方がいい
What is the structure of ～ない方がいい?
What does it mean?
Verb negative plain form ＋ 方がいい
It’s better not to do …
What is the important difference between giving someone advice on WHAT to do (Positive) and giving someone advice on what NOT to do (Negative)
Giving someone advice on WHAT to do is in past tense
e.g 勉強した方がいい (You’d better study)
Giving someone advice on what NOT to do is in present tense e.g でかけない方がいい (You’d better not go out)
What is the adjective structure of ば ?
Drop い add ければ
e.g.
おいしい ➝ おいしければ
Delicious If (it) is delicious
How do you say ‘as many as’?
も
What is the structure of ‘as many as’
quantity + も
e.g
パーティーにおきゃくさんが１００人もきました。
As many as 100 guests came to the party
How do you say many people (implying more than you’d expect)?
何人も
How to say many (More than you’d expect)?
What is the structure?
Quantity question words (such as 何まい, 何さつ、何人) + も
How do you say ‘Even If’ and ‘Even though’？
て(form)も
What is the structure of even if/even though？
Verb and い adj て form + も
noun or な adj + で (pos) OR じゃなくて (neg) + も
How do you say ‘don’t have to …’?
～なくてもいい
Negative potential form
Can’t or isn’t able to
How do you say ‘perhaps’ or ‘maybe’?
～かもしれない
OR
たぶん
How do you use かもしれない？
At the end of the sentence
adj/verbs/nouns in plain form + かもしれない
ないで - grammar structure
Without doing
