Unit 9 Grammar Structures

Question 1

Positive potential form

Answer 1

Can or is able to …

Question 2

How do you make the potential form with weak ichidan verbs?
e.g たべる

Answer 2

Drop the る and add られる

Question 3

How do you make the potential form of strong godan verbs？
e.g およぐ

Answer 3

Replace the last hiragana of the verb with the ‘え’ version of it and ADD る
E.g. およぐ > およげる

Question 4

What do you use instead of を in sentences where you use potential form？

Answer 4

が or は
e.g. かんじが書けます

Question 5

What is the potential form of する？

Answer 5

できる

Question 6

Saying ‘while’ referring to a specific period of time

Answer 6

間
間に

Question 7

What is the structure of 間？

Answer 7

Verb て form + いる + 間
OR
Noun + の + 間

Question 8

How do you say “Before…”

Answer 8

～ないうちに
e.g. 雨がふらないうちに帰ろう。
Let’s go home before it rains

Question 9

What are the two ways of saying “If…” ?

Answer 9

～なら
～ば (Used with verbs and adjectives)

Question 10

What is the positive verb structure of ば ?

Answer 10

Replace the last hiragana of a PLAIN FORM verb with the ‘え’ version of it and ADD ば
e.g.
食べる　➝　食べれば
(To eat) (If you eat)

Question 11

What is the negative verb structure of ば ?

Answer 11

verb negative plain + drop い + ければ
e.g.
食べる　➝　食べなければ
To eat If (you) don’t eat

Question 12

What is the structure for giving advice to someone on what they SHOULD do?

Answer 12

～た方がいい
Literally: ‘You’d better do __’

Question 13

What is the structure for giving advice to someone on what they SHOULD NOT to do?

Answer 13

～ない方がいい

Question 14

What is the structure of ～た方がいい?

Answer 14

Verb PLAIN PAST form (ta form) + 方がいい

Question 15

What is the structure of ～ない方がいい?
What does it mean?

Answer 15

Verb negative plain form ＋ 方がいい
It’s better not to do …

Question 16

What is the important difference between giving someone advice on WHAT to do (Positive) and giving someone advice on what NOT to do (Negative)

Answer 16

Giving someone advice on WHAT to do is in past tense
e.g 勉強した方がいい (You’d better study)

Giving someone advice on what NOT to do is in present tense e.g でかけない方がいい (You’d better not go out)

Question 17

What is the adjective structure of ば ?

Answer 17

Drop い add ければ
e.g.
おいしい　➝　おいしければ
Delicious If (it) is delicious

Question 18

How do you say ‘as many as’?

Answer 18

も

Question 19

What is the structure of ‘as many as’

Answer 19

quantity + 　も
e.g
パーティーにおきゃくさんが１００人もきました。
As many as 100 guests came to the party

Question 20

How do you say many people (implying more than you’d expect)?

Answer 20

何人も

Question 21

How to say many (More than you’d expect)?
What is the structure?

Answer 21

Quantity question words (such as 何まい, 何さつ、何人) + も

Question 22

How do you say ‘Even If’ and ‘Even though’？

Answer 22

て(form)も

Question 23

What is the structure of even if/even though？

Answer 23

Verb and い adj て form + も

noun or な adj + で (pos) OR じゃなくて (neg) + も

Question 24

How do you say ‘don’t have to …’?

Answer 24

～なくてもいい

Question 25

Negative potential form

Answer 25

Can’t or isn’t able to

Question 26

How do you say ‘perhaps’ or ‘maybe’?

Answer 26

～かもしれない
OR
たぶん

Question 27

How do you use かもしれない？

Answer 27

At the end of the sentence
adj/verbs/nouns in plain form + かもしれない

Question 28

ないで - grammar structure

Answer 28

Without doing