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PCOL MIDTERMS > UNIT 9: DRUG OF ABUSE > Flashcards

UNIT 9: DRUG OF ABUSE Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that activate G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs)

A

Class 1

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2
Q

Drugs that bind to ionotropic receptors or ion channels

A

Class 2

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3
Q

Drugs that bind to biogenic amine transporters

A

Class 3

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4
Q

Enumeration

Class 1 Drugs

A

Opioids
Cannabinoids
THC
GHB
LSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin

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5
Q

Enumeration

Class 2 Drugs

A

Benzodiazepines
Nicotine
Ethanol
Alcohol
Ketamine
PCP
Inhalants

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6
Q

Enumeration

Class 3 Drugs

A

Cocaine
Amphetamine
Ecstacy (MDMA)

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7
Q

Strong analgesics, narcotic

A

Opioids

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8
Q

Naturally-occuring alkaloids

A

Opiates

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9
Q

Enumeration

Opiates

A

Morphine
Codeine
Thebaine
Papaverine

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10
Q

Enumeration

Opioid receptor subtypes

A

μ (mu)
δ (delta)
κ (kappa)

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11
Q

This opioid receptor subtype causes inhibition of respiration

A

μ (mu)

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12
Q

Which opioid receptor subtype has a strong affinity to Dynorphins

A

κ (kappa)

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13
Q

This opioid receptor subtype causes psychotomimetic effects and slowed gastrointestinal transit

A

κ (kappa)

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14
Q

Natural painkillers in the body with varying affinity to the three types of opioid receptors

A

Endogenous peptides

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15
Q

The following acts as agonists of the κ (kappa) receptor, except one:

Morphine
Sufentanil
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Buprenorphine
Pentazocine

A

Buprenorphine

Antagonist

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16
Q

Opium is derived from

Scientific name

A

Papaver somniferum

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17
Q

The principal active ingredient of opium

A

Morphine

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18
Q

The only antagonist of the μ (mu) receptor

A

Nalbuphine

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19
Q

Powerful narcotic that causes histamine release

A

Opium

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20
Q

Smack
H
Ska
Junk

A

Heroin

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21
Q

Street drug of abuse of opioids

A

Heroin

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22
Q

An addictive drug as a white or brown powder, IV injected

A

Heroin

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23
Q

Half-life of Heroin

A

3-5 hours

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24
Q

Withdrawal time of Heroin

A

5-10 hours after

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25
Q

Oxycodone is synthesized from ____ and derived from ____

A

Thebaine, Codeine

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26
Q

Enumeration

Opioids

A

Opium
Heroin
Oxycodone
Meperidine

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27
Q

Serious interaction with MAOs, can result in MPTP which can cause parkinsonism

A

Meperidine

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28
Q

Opioid receptors block ____ channels in the dorsal horn

A

Ca+ channels

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29
Q

Postsynaptically, opioids can inhibit the pain stimulus by enhancing the ____ conductance

A

K+ conductance

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30
Q

The mechanism of action of opioids involve preventing the release of what neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate, Neuropeptides

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31
Q

True or False

The principal effects of opioid analgesics with affinity for mu receptors are on the PNS

A

False

CNS

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32
Q

Effect of opioids that develops a moderate degree of tolerance

A

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate

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33
Q

Adverse effects of opioid analgesics can be reversed by

A

Naloxone

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34
Q

Which drug group results in this interaction with opioids:

Increased CNS depression, particularly respiratory depression

A

Sedative-hypnotics

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35
Q

Which drug group results in this interaction with opioids:

Increased sedation, Accenuation of cardiovascular effects

A

Antipsychotic agents

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36
Q

Which drug group results in this interaction with opioids:

High incidence of hyperpyrexic coma and reported hypertension

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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37
Q

Which drug group is relatively contraindicated to all opioid analgesics?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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38
Q

Enumeration

Sedative-hypnotics

A

Alcohol
Barbituates
Benzodiazepines
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

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39
Q

True or False

Sedative-hypnotics can be short or long-acting

A

True

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40
Q

Used to be called “Physical Dependence”

A

Dependence

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41
Q

Used to be called “Psychological Dependence”

A

Addiction

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42
Q

Hallmark of addiction

A

Compulsive

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43
Q

Repetitive exposure induces widespread adaptive changes in the brain. What effect of DOA is this?

A

Altered perception

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44
Q

A combination of signs that defines dependence

A

Withdrawal Syndrome

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45
Q

Consists of compulsive, relapsing drug use despite negative consequences, at times triggered by cravings that occur in response to contextual cues

A

Addiction

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46
Q

True or False

Dependence is not always a correlate of drug abuse—it can also occur with many classes of nonpsychoactive drugs

A

True

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47
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Physical

A

Dependence

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48
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Tolerance

A

Dependence

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49
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Psychological

A

Addiction

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50
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Withdrawal Syndrome

A

Dependence

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51
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Compulsion

A

Addiction

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52
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Relapsing

A

Addiction

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53
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Non-psychoactive drugs

A

Dependence

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54
Q

Dependence or Addiction

Craving

A

Addiction

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55
Q

The prime target of addictive drugs

A

Mesolimbic Dopamine System

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56
Q

True or False

Each addictive drug activates the mesolimbic system via its specific molecular target, engaging distinct cellular mechanisms to increase dopamine levels.

A

True

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57
Q

Dopamine pathway functions (5)

A

Reward (motivation)
Pleasure, euphoria
Motor function (fine tuning)
Compulsion
Perseveration

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58
Q

Which class of drugs directly stimulates the dopamine neurons?

A

Class 2 (Class 1 sa book)

Nicotine

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59
Q

Which class interferes with the reuptake of dopamine or promotes nonvesicular release?

A

Class 3 (Class 2 sa book)

Cocaine, Amphetamines (respectively)

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60
Q

Which class uses an indirect mechanism, whereby the drugs inhibit γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons that act as local inhibitory interneurons?

A

Class 1 (Class 3 sa book)

Opioids, Cannabis

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61
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

A

Opioids
Cannabinoids
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

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62
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Main molecular target of Opioids

A

μ-OR (Gio)

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63
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Main molecular target of Cannabinoids

A

CB1R (Gio)

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64
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Main molecular target of γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

A

GABABR (Gio)

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65
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Main molecular target of LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

A

5-HT2AR (Gq)

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66
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Main molecular target of Nicotine

A

nAChR (α4β2)

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67
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Main molecular target of Alcohol

A

GABAAR, 5-HT3R, nAChR, NMDAR, Kir3 channels

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68
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Main molecular target of Benzodiazepines

A

GABAAR

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69
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Main molecular target of Phencyclidine, Ketamine

A

NMDAR

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70
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Main molecular target of Cocaine

A

DAT, SERT, NET

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71
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Main molecular target of Amphetamine

A

DAT, NET, SERT, VMAT

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72
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Main molecular target of Ecstasy

A

SERT > DAT, NET

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73
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Opioids

Pharmacology

A

Agonist

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74
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Cannabinoids

Pharmacology

A

Agonist

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75
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

Pharmacology

A

Weak Agonist

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76
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

Pharmacology

A

Partial Agonist

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77
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Nicotine

Pharmacology

A

Agonist

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78
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Benzodiazepines

Pharmacology

A

Positive Modulator

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79
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Phencyclidine

Pharmacology

A

Antagonist

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80
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Ketamine

Pharmacology

A

Antagonist

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81
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Cocaine

Pharmacology

A

Inhibitor

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82
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Ecstasy

Pharmacology

A

Reverses transport

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83
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Amphetamine

Pharmacology

A

Reverses transport

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84
Q

Drugs That Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Disinhibition

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Opioids
Cannabinoids
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

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85
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Nicotine

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Excitation

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86
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Alcohol

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Excitation, Disinhibition

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87
Q

Drugs That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors and Ion Channels

Benzodiazepines

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Disinhibition

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88
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Cocaine

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Blocks DA uptake

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89
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Amphetamine

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Blocks DA uptake
Synaptic depletion

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90
Q

Drugs That Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Ecstasy

Effect on Dopamine (DA) Neurons

A

Blocks DA uptake
Synaptic depletion

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91
Q

Serious side effect of Tolerance

A

Respiratory Depression

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92
Q

True or False

Tolerance to opioids may be due to an increase of the concentration of a drug or a longer duration of action in a target system (pharmacokinetic tolerance)

A

False

Reduction of concentration, not increase; shorter duration of action

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93
Q

Regulation Schedules

High potential for abuse
No known medical use
Lacks accepted safety for use

Eg, Heroin, Lysergic acid diethylamide

A

Schedule I

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94
Q

Regulation Schedules

Potential for abuse
Proven and accepted medical use with severe restrictions
Abuse may cause severe psycho/physio dependence

Eg, Morphine, Cocaine, Methadone, Methampetamine, Phencyclidine

A

Schedule II

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95
Q

Regulation Schedules

Less potential for abuse
With accepted medical use
Abuse may cause moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence

Eg, Anabolic steroids, Codeine and hydrocodone with aspirin or Tylenol

A

Schedule III

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96
Q

Regulation Schedules

Low potential for abuse
Abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence

Eg, Valium and Xanax

A

Schedule IV

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97
Q

Regulation Schedules

Low potential for abuse relative to drugs in Schedule IV

Eg, Cough syrups and Codeine

A

Schedule V

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98
Q

Pharmacokinetic or Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Reduction of Concentration

A

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance

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99
Q

Pharmacokinetic or Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Shorter duration of action

A

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance

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100
Q

Pharmacokinetic or Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Recruitment of adaptor protein (B-arrestin)

A

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

101
Q

Pharmacokinetic or Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Desensitization and receptor internalization

A

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

102
Q

Adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated

A

Withdrawal

103
Q

Observed to varying degrees after chronic exposure to most drugs of abuse

A

Withdrawal

104
Q

Symptom of withdrawal that involves physical stimulations

A

Illusions

105
Q

Symptom of withdrawal that has no external stimulus

A

Hallucinations

106
Q

Signs or Symptoms of Withdrawal

Elevated blood pressure
Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
Elevated body temperature (hypertermia)
Sweating
Tremulousness
Dilated pupils
Disorientation
Hyper arousal
Grand mal seizure

A

Signs of Withdrawal

107
Q

Signs or Symptoms of Withdrawal

Anxiety
Insomnia
Illusions
Hallucinations
Paranoid ideas
Nausea
Irritability

A

Symptoms of Withdrawal

108
Q

Refers to the high motivation to obtain and use a drug despite negative consequences

A

Addiction

109
Q

A recalcitrant, chronic, and stubbornly relapsing disease that is very difficult to treat

A

Addiction

110
Q

Three conditions that trigger relapse

A

Re-exposure
Stress
Context Recall

111
Q

True or False

All drugs of abuse lead to addiction

A

False

Some drugs of abuse do not lead to addiction

112
Q

Alters perception but does not provide feelings of reward/euphoria

A

Non-addictive Drug of Abuse

113
Q

Target of Non-addictive Drug of Abuse in the body

A

Cortical and Thalamic system

114
Q

Enumeration

Non-addictive Drugs of Abuse

A

Hallucinogens
Dissociative anesthetics
LSD
PCP/Ketamine
Dextromethorphan

115
Q

Receptor subtype with affinity of endorphins = enkephalins

A

μ (mu)

116
Q

Receptor subtype with strong affinity for enkephalins

A

δ (delta)

117
Q

True or False

The principal effects of opioid analgesics with affinity for μ (mu) receptors are on the CNS

A

True

118
Q

Important principal effects of opioid analgesics with affinity for μ (mu) receptors on the CNS (4)

A

Analgesia
Euphoria
Sedation
Respiratory Depression

119
Q

Effect of opioids with Minimal or None degree of tolerance

A

Miosis
Constipation
Convulsions

120
Q

Effect of opioids with high degree of tolerance

A

Analgesia
Euphoria, dysphoria
Mental clouding
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Antidiuresis
Nausea and vomiting
Cough suppression

121
Q

True or False

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs (eg, ibuprofen) have a significant effect on the **emotional aspect **of pain

A

False

No significant effect

122
Q

Characteristic effect of opioid analgesics wherein they reduce both sensory and affective (emotional) components of pain

A

Analgesia

123
Q

Respiratory depression is caused by (inhibition, excitation) of brainstem respiratory mechanisms

A

Inhibition

124
Q

True or False

Respiratory Depression is dose-related

A

True

125
Q

True or False

Respiratory Depression is unaffected by the degree of sensory input occuring at the time

A

False

It is significantly influenced

126
Q

Adverse effects of opioid analgesics with acute use (10)

A

Respiratory depression
Nausea/Vomiting
Pruritus
Urticaria
Constipation
Urinary retention
Delirium
Sedation
Myoclonus
Seizures

127
Q

Adverse effects of opioid analgesics with chronic use (9)

A

Hypogonadism
Immunosuppression
Increased feeding
Increased growth hormone secretion
Withdrawal effects
Tolerance, dependence
Abuse, addiction
Hyperalgesia
Impairment while driving

128
Q

An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme response to pain; adverse effect of opioid analgesics with chronic use

A

Hyperalgesia

129
Q

Decreased functional activity of the gonads; adverse effect of opioid analgesics with chronic use

A

Hypogonadism

130
Q

Sudden, brief involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles; adverse effect of opioid analgesics with acute use

A

Myoclonus

131
Q

Sedative-hypnotics

Rare occurence of physiologic dependence but has therapeutic dose dependence

A

Benzodiazepines

132
Q

Benzodiazepines

Used for date rape

A

Flunitrazepam

133
Q

Trade name of flunitrazepam

A

Rohypnol, “roofies”

134
Q

Flunitrazepam is what schedule?

A

Schedule IV

135
Q

Main effect of flunitrazepam

A

Anterograde amnesia

136
Q

Loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia

A

Anterograde amnesia

137
Q

The feeling of tingling, numbness or “pins and needles”; withdrawal effect of benzodiazepines

A

Paresthesia

138
Q

Target of Barbituates

A

GABA-A receptors

139
Q

Nonselective antagonist of opioid receptors

A

Naloxone

140
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

A

Naloxone
Naltrexone

141
Q

Antagonist of opioid receptors

A

Naltrexone

142
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Blocks effects of illicit opioids

A

Naltrexone

143
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Reverses the acute effects of opioids

A

Naloxone

144
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Can precipitate severe abstinence syndrome

A

Naloxone

145
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Used for opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

146
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Used for treatment of alcoholism and opioid addiction

A

Naltrexone

147
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Effect is much shorter than morphine (1-2 h)
Several injections are required

A

Naloxone

148
Q

Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Half-life of 10 h (oral) or
5-10 days (depot injection)

A

Naltrexone

149
Q

Synthetic Opioids

A

Methadone
Levomethadone
Morphine sulphate

150
Q

Synthetic Opioids

Slow-acting agonist of μ-opioid receptor

A

Methadone

151
Q

Synthetic Opioids

“Enantiopure” methadone containing only the left-enantiomer of the molecule

A

Levomethadone

152
Q

Synthetic Opioids

A salt containing morphine sulfate pentahydrate

A

Morphine sulphate

153
Q

Synthetic Opioids

Has acute effects similar to morphine

A

Methadone

154
Q

Synthetic Opioids

Similar to morphine and methadone, but at half the dose of the latter

A

Levomethadone

155
Q

Synthetic Opioids

Slow-release version with a longer action than morphine

A

Morphine sulphate

156
Q

Synthetic Opioids

Used in substitution therapy for opioid addicts

A

Methadone

157
Q

Synthetic Opioids

High oral bioavailability
Half-life highly variable among individuals (range 4-130 h)

A

Methadone

158
Q

Synthetic Opioids

Less toxic compared to racemic methadone, particularly related to cardiac adverse effects (long QT interval)

A

Levomethadone

159
Q

Partial μ-opioid receptor agonist

A

Buprenorphine

160
Q

Attenutates acute effects of morphine

A

Buprenorphine

161
Q

Oral substitution therapy for opioid addicts

A

Buprenorphine

162
Q

Has long half-life (40 h)
Formulated together with naloxone to avoid illicit IV injections

A

Buprenorphine

163
Q

Partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the α4β2-type

A

Varenicline

164
Q

Occludes “rewarding” effects of **smoking **
Heightened awareness of colors

A

Varenicline

165
Q

Natural analog (extracted from laburnum flowers) of varenicline

A

Cytisine

166
Q

Used for smoking cessation

A

Varenicline

167
Q

Positive modulators of the GABA-A receptors

A

Oxazepam

168
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Oxazepam
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Flurazepam
Desmethyldiazepam
Nitrazepam
Triazolam
Alprazolam

169
Q

Benziodiazepine used for delirium tremens

A

Oxazepam

170
Q

True or False

The pharmacokinetics of oxazepam are not affected by decreased liver function

A

True

171
Q

Benzodiazepines

Alternate to oxazepam with similar properties

A

Lorazepam

172
Q

Antagonist of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors

A

Acamprosate

173
Q

May interfere with forms of synaptic plasticity that depend on NMDA receptors

A

Acamprosate

174
Q

Used for treatment of alcoholism, effective only in combination with counseling

A

Acamprosate

175
Q

Toxicity causes hallucinations particularly in elderly patients

A

Acamprosate

176
Q

Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor inverse agonist

A

Rimonabant

177
Q

Decreases neurotransmitter release at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses

A

Rimonabant

178
Q

Formerly used to treat obesity, smoking cessation (off-label indication)

A

Rimonabant

179
Q

Causes major depression, including increased risk of suicide

A

Rimonabant

180
Q

What schedule are Amphetamines?

A

Schedule II

181
Q

Amphetamines are managed by

A

Benzodiazepines

182
Q

Catecholinergic transmitter agonists

A

Amphetamines

183
Q

Used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD

A

Amphetamines

184
Q

Effects of Amphetamines

A

Paranoid psychosis
Necrotizing arteritis
Decreased appetite, including stamina, energy, sexual drive
Loss of REM sleep, tremor, restlessnes, anxiety

185
Q

Fosters **false intimacy **and empathy
“Raves” designer drug

A

Ecstasy

186
Q

Serotonin inhibitor (SERT)

A

Ecstasy

187
Q

Called Methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

A

Ecstacy

188
Q

Reverses the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks

Called “uppers”

A

Stimulants

189
Q

Substance of Abuse (3)

A

Stimulants
Inhalants
Anabolic Steroids

190
Q

Stimulants

Stimulant found in tobacco products
1 drop is fatal
More addictive than heroin and cocaine

A

Nicotine

191
Q

Stimulants

Associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

Nicotine

192
Q

Nicotine is derived from?

A

Nicotania tobacum

193
Q

A selective agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)

A

Nicotine

194
Q

Xanthine alkaloid
Low chance of abuse and addiction

A

Caffeine

195
Q

Caffeine is derived from?

A

Coffea arabica

196
Q

Adenosine receptor agonist

A

Caffeine

197
Q

Enumeration

Inhalants

A

Anesthetic gasses
Industrial solvents
Aerosol propellants
Organic nitrates

198
Q

Stimulant that causes psychoactive effects, alcohol-like intoxications, slurred speech, and loss of motor coordination

A

Inhalants

199
Q

Anesthetics

Examples of Anesthetics

A

Nitric Oxide (N2O)
Ether & Chloroform

200
Q

% use of Nitric Oxide that can lead to death

A

35%

201
Q

Inhalants

Examples of Industrial Solvents

A

Gasoline
Toluene
Benzene
Trichloro-ethylene

202
Q

Stimulants

Inhalant that causes euphoria, “drunk” feeling, disorientation, and slow passage of time

A

Industrial solvents

203
Q

Inhalant that causes dizziness, rapid heart rate, lowered blood pressure, and “speeding” (flushing of skin)

A

Organic Nitrates

204
Q

Enumeration

Toxicities of Inhalants (4)

A

Liver, kidney, peripheral nerve, and brain damage
Bone marrow suppression
Pulmonary disease
Death

205
Q

What schedule are anabolic steroids?

A

Schedule III

206
Q

True or False

Anabolic steroids causes hirsutism in males and gynecomastia in females

A

False

Hirsutism - females; Gynecomastia - males

207
Q

Melatonin receptor agonists

A

Ramelteon
Tasimelteon

208
Q

Orexin antagonists that improve sleep duration

A

Suvorexant
Lemborexant

209
Q

A slow-onset anxiolytic agent

A

Buspirone

210
Q

Cannabinoids

Marijuana is derived from?

A

Cannabis sativa

211
Q

Cannabinoids

The addictive component of marijuana

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

212
Q

Enumeration

Cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa with proven therapeutic effects (3)

A

Cannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Cannabidiol

213
Q

What schedule is Marijuana?

A

Schedule I

214
Q

The following are effects of?

Antiemetic (prevents nausea and vomiting)
Tolerance
Uncertain effects on fetus
Amotivational syndrome
Diseases related to smoking

A

Marijuana

215
Q

Cannabinoids

Bodily effects of Cannabis on the eyes

A

Reddening
Decreased intra-ocular presure

216
Q

Bodily effects of Cannabis on the mouth

A

Dryness

217
Q

Bodily effects of Cannabis on the skin

A

Sensation of heat or cold

218
Q

Bodily effects of Cannabis on the heart

A

Increased heart rate

219
Q

Bodily effects of Cannabis on the muscles

A

Relaxation

220
Q

Enumeration

FDA approved cannabinoids

A

Dronabinol
Nabilone
Nabiximol

221
Q

FDA approved cannabinoid used for Chemotherapy Px

A

Nabilone

222
Q

Enumeration

Hallucinogens

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Ketamine
Scopolamine

223
Q

Hallucinogens

LSD is derived from?

A

Claviceps purpurea

224
Q

Hallucinogens

Mescaline is derived from?

A

Lophophora williamsii

225
Q

Hallucinogens

Psilocybin is derived from?

A

Psilocybe mushroom

226
Q

Hallucinogens

Synthetic agent related to ergot alkaloids

A

LSD

227
Q

Hallucinogens

LSD is an agonist of what serotonin receptors?

A

5-HT1a
5-HT1c

228
Q

Hallucinogens

One of the most potent drugs (1ug/kg)

A

LSD

229
Q

Hallucinogen responsible for waxing and waning effects

A

LSD

230
Q

True or False

LSD is fatal

A

False

Absence of known fatalities (non-fatal)

231
Q

The following are effects of what hallucinogen?

Uterine contractions
Elevated sugar levels
Goosebumps
Pupil dilation
Rise in body temperature

A

LSD

232
Q

The following are effects of what hallucinogen?

Mydriasis
Muscle relaxation
Dizziness

A

Psilocybin

233
Q

Hallucinogen that is restricted but allowed occasionally to North American Indians as herbal medication

A

Mescaline

234
Q

Hallucinogens

“Special K” or “Vitamin K”

A

Ketamine

235
Q

Hallucinogens

Ketamine route of administration

A

Intravenous administration

236
Q

The following are effects of what hallucinogen?

Dream-like states
Delirium
Amnesia
High blood pressure
Depression
Fatal respiratory problems

A

Ketamine

237
Q

Veterinary anesthetic
Self-administered by animals

Called “Angeldust”

A

Phencyclidine

238
Q

Hallucinogens

NMDA antagonist

A

Phencyclidine

239
Q

The following are effects of what hallucinogen?

Olney’s lesions
Violent and suicidal tendencies
“Bad-trips”

A

Phencyclidine

240
Q

Hallucinogens

Scopolamine is derived from?

A

Hyoscyamus niger

241
Q

Central muscarinic receptor blocker

A

Scopolamine

242
Q

Known as “Devil’s breath”
Causes anterograde amnesia

A

Scopolamine

243
Q

Cocaine is derived from?

A

Erthroxylon coca

244
Q

Affects the dopaminergic reuptake transmitter

Inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NE

A

Cocaine

245
Q

Cocaine half-life

A

1 hour
Repeated every 30 mins

246
Q

The following are effects of what drug?

Feeling of bugs under skin
Paranoia and schizophrenia-like state
Exhaustion by lack of sleep and food

A

Cocaine

247
Q

Enumeration

Drugs that interfere with dopamine reuptake

A

Cocaine
Amphetamine
Ecstasy (MDMA)

248
Q

Drugs that disinhibit dopamine neurons

A

Opioids
Cannabinoids
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB)
Benzodiazepines

249
Q

Drugs with multiple mechanisms of action

A

Alcohol
Inhalants

PCOL MIDTERMS (10 decks)

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