UNIT 10: ALCOHOLS, NICOTINE, CAFFEINE Flashcards
Most important alcohol of pharmacologic interest
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
Alcohols of toxicologic importance
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Most commonly abused drug in the world
Alcohol
Antidote in methanol and ethylene glycol posioning
Topical antiseptic
Ethanol
Poisoning of this alcohol creates toxic aldehydes and oxalate, which casues kidney damage and severe acidosis
Ethylene glycol
BDZ receptor agonists that facilitate GABA-mediated activation of GABA-A receptors
Benzodiazepines
eg, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Lorazepam
Used in prevention and treatment of acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome
**Benzodiazepines **
(Chlordiazepoxide HCl,
Diazepam,
Lorazepam,
Oxazepam,
Thiamine HCl)
Drugs used in acute alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
Thiamine
Essential vitamin required for synthesis of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Administered to patients suspected of having alcoholism to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Thiamine
Drugs used in chronic alcoholism
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Disulfiram
Nonselective competitive antagonist of opioid receptors
Naltrexone
Used for reduced risk of relapse in individuals with alcoholism
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Poorly-understood NMDA antagonist and GABA-A agonist
Acamprosate
True or False
Disulfiram - Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole - Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
False
Baliktad
Used for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Fomepizole
Ethanol