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PCOL MIDTERMS > UNIT 10: ALCOHOLS, NICOTINE, CAFFEINE > Flashcards

UNIT 10: ALCOHOLS, NICOTINE, CAFFEINE Flashcards

1
Q

Most important alcohol of pharmacologic interest

A

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

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2
Q

Alcohols of toxicologic importance

A

Methanol
Ethylene glycol

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3
Q

Most commonly abused drug in the world

A

Alcohol

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4
Q

Antidote in methanol and ethylene glycol posioning
Topical antiseptic

A

Ethanol

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5
Q

Poisoning of this alcohol creates toxic aldehydes and oxalate, which casues kidney damage and severe acidosis

A

Ethylene glycol

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6
Q

BDZ receptor agonists that facilitate GABA-mediated activation of GABA-A receptors

A

Benzodiazepines

eg, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Lorazepam

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7
Q

Used in prevention and treatment of acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome

A

**Benzodiazepines **
(Chlordiazepoxide HCl,
Diazepam,
Lorazepam,
Oxazepam,
Thiamine HCl)

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8
Q

Drugs used in acute alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines
Thiamine

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9
Q

Essential vitamin required for synthesis of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate

A

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

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10
Q

Administered to patients suspected of having alcoholism to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Thiamine

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11
Q

Drugs used in chronic alcoholism

A

Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Disulfiram

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12
Q

Nonselective competitive antagonist of opioid receptors

A

Naltrexone

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13
Q

Used for reduced risk of relapse in individuals with alcoholism

A

Naltrexone
Acamprosate

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14
Q

Poorly-understood NMDA antagonist and GABA-A agonist

A

Acamprosate

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15
Q

True or False

Disulfiram - Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole - Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

False

Baliktad

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16
Q

Used for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Fomepizole
Ethanol

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17
Q

Deterrent to drinking in individuals with alcohol dependence

A

Disulfiram

18
Q

Drugs for the prevention of alcohol abuse

A

Acamprosate calcium
Disulfiram
Naltrexone HCl

19
Q

Caffeine

Most effective bronchodilator
Relieves airflow obstruction in acute asthma

A

Theophylline

20
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Mild cortical arousal
Increased alertness
Deterred fatigue
Nervousness, Insomnia (sensitive individuals)
Large doses: Medullary stimulation, convulsions, death

A

CNS effects

21
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects
Inhibition of presynaptic adenosine receptors in sympathetic nerves
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Increase in cAMP

A

Cardiovascular effects

22
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Cardiovascular effects of high doses of caffeine

A

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Cerebral blood vessel contractions

23
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Cardiovascular effects of caffeine in ordinary individuals

A

Tachycardia
Increased cardiac output
Increased peripheral resistance
Slight rise in blood pressure

24
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Cardiovascular effects of caffeine in sensitive individuals

25
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Gastrointestinal Tract Effects

A

Secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes

26
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Kidney Effects

A

Increased glomerular filtration
Reduced tubular sodium reabsorption
Diuresis

27
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Smooth muscle effects

A

Bronchodilation
Tolerance does not develop
Inhibits antigen-induced release of histamine from lung tissue

28
Q

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Skeletal muscle effects

A

Improved contractility
Reverse fatigue of diaphragm (in patients with COPD)

29
Q

Has the most marked CNS effects among all the methylxanthines

A

Caffeine (3,7-dimethylxanthine)

30
Q

Short-acting beta-blocker used as an antidote to caffeine overdose

31
Q

Inhibits metabolism of caffeine

A

Quinolone antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Norfloxacin)

32
Q

Causes mild cortical arousal with increased alertness and deferral of fatigue

33
Q

True or False

Caffeine has negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart

A

False

Positive

34
Q

Nicotine is derived from?

A

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana rustica

35
Q

Addiction to this drug exceeds all other forms of addiction in the world

36
Q

Selective agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)

37
Q

Agonist at cannabinoid receptors, used off-label in smoking cessation; also used for obesity

A

Rimonabant

38
Q

Antidepressant approved for nicotine cessation therapy

39
Q

Partial agonists of a4B2-containing nAChRs

A

Cystine
Varenicline

40
Q

Nicotine

Impairs the capacity to drive, associated with suicidal ideation

A

Varenicline

PCOL MIDTERMS (10 decks)

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